Rhestr Arlywyddion Unol Daleithiau America

Tŷ Gwyn, preswylfa swyddogol arlywydd yr Unol Daleithiau, Mai 2006

Mae arlywydd yr Unol Daleithiau yn bennaeth gwladwriaeth a phennaeth llywodraeth yr Unol Daleithiau, wedi'i ethol yn anuniongyrchol i dymor o bedair blynedd trwy'r Coleg Etholiadol . Mae deiliad y swydd yn arwain cangen weithredol y llywodraeth ffederal. Yr arlywydd yw prif bennaeth Lluoedd Arfog yr Unol Daleithiau. Ers sefydlu'r swyddfa yn 1789, mae 45 o ddynion wedi gwasanaethu mewn 46 arlywyddiaeth. Enillodd yr arlywydd cyntaf, George Washington, bleidlais unfrydol y Coleg Etholiadol; gwasanaethodd un, Grover Cleveland, ddau dymor heb fod yn olynol ac felly fe'i cyfrifir fel 22ain a 24ain arlywydd yr Unol Daleithiau, gan arwain at yr anghysondeb rhwng nifer y llywyddiaethau a nifer y personau sydd wedi gwasanaethu fel arlywydd. Yr arlywydd presennol yw Joe Biden .

Arlywyddiaeth William Henry Harrison, a fu farw 31 diwrnod ar ôl cymryd ei swydd yn 1841, oedd y fyrraf yn hanes America . Gwasanaethodd Franklin D. Roosevelt yr hiraf, dros ddeuddeg mlynedd, cyn marw yn gynnar yn ei bedwerydd tymor yn 1945. Ef yw'r unig arlywydd yr Unol Daleithiau sydd wedi gwasanaethu am fwy na dau dymor. Ers cadarnhau'r Ail Diwygiad ar Hugain i Gyfansoddiad yr Unol Daleithiau yn 1951, ni all unrhyw berson gael ei ethol yn Arlywydd fwy na dwywaith, ac ni chaiff unrhyw un sydd wedi gwasanaethu am fwy na dwy flynedd o dymor yr etholwyd rhywun arall iddo, gael ei ethol fwy nag unwaith.

Bu farw pedwar o Alywyddion yn y swydd o achosion naturiol ( William Henry Harrison, Zachary Taylor, Warren G. Harding, a Franklin D. Roosevelt ), lladdwyd pedwar ( Abraham Lincoln, James A. Garfield, William McKinley a John F. Kennedy ), a ymddiswyddodd un ( Richard Nixon, yn wynebu uchelgyhuddiad ). John Tyler oedd yr is-lywydd cyntaf i gymryd yr arlywyddiaeth yn ystod tymor arlywyddol, a gosododd y cynsail bod is-lywydd sy'n gwneud hynny yn dod yn arlywydd cwbl weithredol gyda'i lywyddiaeth.

Arlywyddion

Rhif	Llun	Enw (geni-marwolaeth)	Tymor	Plaid	Etholiad	Is-Arlywydd
1		George Washington (1732–1799)	30 Ebrill 1789 – 4 Mawrth 1797	Dim plaid	1788–89 1792	John Adams
2		John Adams (1735–1826)	4 Mawrth 1797 – 4 Mawrth 1801	Ffederalydd	1796	Thomas Jefferson
3		Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826)	4 Mawrth 1801 – 4 Mawrth 1809	Gweriniaethwr democrataidd	1800 1804	Aaron Burr George Clinton
4		James Madison (1751–1836)	4 Mawrth 1809 – 4 Mawrth 1817	Gweriniaethwr democrataidd	1808 1812	George Clinton Gwag ar ôl 20 Ebrill 1812 Elbridge Gerry Gwag ar ôl 23 Tachwedd 1814
5		James Monroe (1758–1831)	4 Mawrth 1817 – 4 Mawrth 1825	Gweriniaethwr cenedlaethol	1816 1820	Daniel D. Tompkins
6		John Quincy Adams (1767–1848)	4 Mawrth 1825 – 4 Mawrth 1829	Gweriniaethwr democrataidd Gwerinaethwr cenedlaethol	1824	John C. Calhoun
7		Andrew Jackson (1767–1845)	4 Mawrth 1829 – 4 Mawrth 1837	Democrat	1828 1832	John C. Calhoun Gwag ar ôl 28 Rhagfyr 1832 Martin Van Buren
8		Martin Van Buren (1782–1862)	4 Mawrth 1837 – 4 Mawrth 1841	Democrat	1836	Richard Mentor Johnson
9		William Henry Harrison (1773–1841)	4 Mawrth 1841 – 4 Ebrill 1841	Whig	1840	John Tyler
10		John Tyler (1790–1862)	4 Ebrill1841 – 4 Mawrth 1845	Whig Heb blaid	–	Gwag
11		James K. Polk (1795–1849)	4 Mawrth 1845 – 4 Mawrth 1849	Democrat	1844	George M. Dallas
12		Zachary Taylor (1784–1850)	4 Mawrth 1849 – 9 Gorffennaf 1850	Whig	1848	Millard Fillmore
13		Millard Fillmore (1800–1874)	9 Gorffennaf 1850 – 4 Mawrth 1853	Whig	–	Gwag
14		Franklin Pierce (1804–1869)	4 Mawrth 1853 – 4 Mawrth 1857	Democrat	1852	William R. King Gwag ar ôl 18 Ebrill 1853
15		James Buchanan (1791–1868)	4 Mawrth 1857 – 4 Mawrth 1861	Democrat	1856	John C. Breckinridge
16		Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865)	4 Mawrth 1861 – 15 Ebrill 1865	Gwerinaethwr Undeb Cenedlaethol	1860 1864	Hannibal Hamlin Andrew Johnson
17		Andrew Johnson (1808–1875)	15 Ebrill 1865 – 4 Mawrth 1869	Undeb Cenedlaethol Democrat	–	Gwag
18		Ulysses S. Grant (1822–1885)	4 Mawrth 1869 – 4 Mawrth 1887	Gweriniaethwr	1868 1872	Schuyler Colfax Henry Wilson Gwag ar ol 22 Tachwedd 1875
19		Rutherford B. Hayes (1822–1893)	4 Mawrth 1887 – 4 Mawrth 1881	Gweriniaethwr	1876	William A. Wheeler
20		James A. Garfield (1831–1881)	4 Mawrth 1881 – 19 Medi 1881	Gweriniaethwr	1880	Chester A. Arthur
21		Chester A. Arthur (1829–1886)	19 Medi 1881 – 4 Mawrth 1885	Gweriniaethwr	–	Gwag
22		Grover Cleveland (1837–1908)	4 Mawrth 1885 – 4 Mawrth 1889	Democrat	1884	Thomas A. Hendricks Gwag ar ôl 25 Tachwedd 1885
23		Benjamin Harrison (1833–1901)	4 Mawrth 1889 – 4 Mawrth 1893	Gweriniaethwr	1888	Levi P. Morton
24		Grover Cleveland (1837–1908)	4 Mawrth 1893 – 4 Mawrth 1897	Democrat	1892	Adlai Stevenson
25		William McKinley (1843–1901)	4 Mawrth 1897 – 14 Medi 1901	Gweriniaethwr	1896 1900	Garret Hobart Gwag ar ol 21 Tachwedd 1899 Theodore Roosevelt
26		Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919)	14 Medi 1901 – 4 Mawrth 1919	Gweriniaethwr	– 1904	Gwag tan March 4, 1905 Charles W. Fairbanks
27		William Howard Taft (1857–1930)	4 Mawrth 1919 – 4 Mawrth 1913	Gweriniaethwr	1908	James S. Sherman Gwag ar ôl 30 Hydref 1912
28		Woodrow Wilson (1856–1924)	4 Mawrth 1913 – 4 Mawrth 1921	Democrat	1912 1916	Thomas R. Marshall
29		Warren G. Harding (1865–1923)	4 Mawrth 1921 – 2 Awst 1923	Gweriniaethwr	1920	Calvin Coolidge
30		Calvin Coolidge (1872–1933)	2 Awst 1923 – 4 Mawrth 1929	Gweriniaethwr	– 1924	Gwag tan 4 Mawrth 1925 Charles G. Dawes
31		Herbert Hoover (1874–1964)	4 Mawrth 1929 – 4 Mawrth 1933	Gweriniaethwr	1928	Charles Curtis
32		Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882–1945)	4 Mawrth 1933 – 12 Ebrill 1945	Democrat	1932 1936 1940 1944	John Nance Garner Henry A. Wallace Harry S. Truman
33		Harry S. Truman (1884–1972)	12 Ebrill 1945 – 20 Ionawr 1953	Democrat	– 1948	Gwag tan 20 Ionawr 1949 Alben W. Barkley
34		Dwight D. Eisenhower (1890–1969)	20 Ionawr 1953 – 20 Ionawr 1961	Gweriniaethwr	1952 1956	Richard Nixon
35		John F. Kennedy (1917–1963)	20 Ionawr 1961 – 22 Tachwedd 1963	Democrat	1960	Lyndon B. Johnson
36		Lyndon B. Johnson (1908–1973)	22 Tachwedd 1963 – 20 Ionawr 1969	Democrat	– 1964	Gwag tan 20 Ionawr 1965 Hubert Humphrey
37		Richard Nixon (1913–1994)	20 Ionawr 1969 – 9 Awst 1979	Gweriniaethwr	1968 1972	Spiro Agnew Gwag: 10 Hydref – 6 Rhafyr 1973 Gerald Ford
38		Gerald Ford (1913–2006)	9 Awst 1979 – 20 Ionawr 1977	Gweriniaethwr	–	Gwag tan 19 Rhafyr 1974 Nelson Rockefeller
39		Jimmy Carter (b. 1924)	20 Ionawr 1977 – 20 Ionawr 1981	Democrat	1976	Walter Mondale
40		Ronald Reagan (1911–2004)	20 Ionawr 1981 – 20 Ionawr 1989	Gweriniaethwr	1980 1984	George H. W. Bush
41		George H. W. Bush (1924–2018)	20 Ionawr 1989 – 20 Ionawr 1993	Gweriniaethwr	1988	Dan Quayle
42		Bill Clinton (b. 1946)	20 Ionawr 1993 – 20 Ionawr 2001	Democrat	1992 1996	Al Gore
43		George W. Bush (b. 1946)	20 Ionawr 2001 – 20 Ionawr 2009	Gweriniaethwr	2000 2004	Dick Cheney
44		Barack Obama (b. 1961)	20 Ionawr 2009 – 20 Ionawr 2017	Democrat	2008 2012	Joe Biden
45		Donald Trump (b. 1946)	20 Ionawr 2017 – 20 Ionawr 2021	Gweriniaethwr	2016	Mike Pence
46		Joe Biden (b. 1942)	20 Ionawr 2021 – Presennol	Democrat	2020	Kamala Harris

Gwaith a gyfeiriwyd

Cyffredinol

• Guide to U.S. Elections. SAGE Publications. 2010. ISBN 978-1-60426-536-1.
• "Chronological List of Presidents, First Ladies, and Vice Presidents of the United States". Library of Congress. Cyrchwyd February 20, 2020.
• "Presidents". whitehouse.gov. Cyrchwyd May 14, 2022.

Expert studies

• Abbott, Philip (2005). "Accidental Presidents: Death, Assassination, Resignation, and Democratic Succession.". Presidential Studies Quarterly (Wiley) 35 (4): 627–645. doi:10.1111/j.1741-5705.2005.00269.x. ISSN 0360-4918. JSTOR 27552721. https://archive.org/details/sim_presidential-studies-quarterly_2005-12_35_4/page/627.
• Abbott, Philip (2013). "The First Bad President?: John Tyler". Bad Presidents. The Evolving American Presidency Series. Palgrave Macmillan. tt. 23–42. doi:10.1057/9781137306593_2. ISBN 978-1-349-45513-3.
• Cash, Jordan T. (2018). "The Isolated Presidency: John Tyler and Unilateral Presidential Power". American Political Thought 7: 26–56. doi:10.1086/695644. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322606308.
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• Epstein, Richard A. (2005). "Executive Power, the Commander in Chief, and the Militia Clause". Hofstra Law Review 34 (2). ISSN 0091-4029. https://scholarlycommons.law.hofstra.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2384&context=hlr.
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• McSeveney, Samuel T. (1986). "Re-electing Lincoln: The Union Party Campaign and the Military Vote in Connecticut". Civil War History (Kent State University Press) 32 (2): 139–158. doi:10.1353/cwh.1986.0032. https://archive.org/details/sim_civil-war-history_1986-05_32_2/page/139.
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• Schaller, Thomas F.; Williams, Thomas W. (2003). "'The Contemporary Presidency': Postpresidential Influence in the Postmodern Era". Presidential Studies Quarterly (Center for Congressional and Presidential Studies) 33 (1): 188–200. JSTOR 27552468. https://archive.org/details/sim_presidential-studies-quarterly_2003-03_33_1/page/188.
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Presidential biographies

• Ambrose, Stephen E. (2000). "Eisenhower, Dwight David". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0700094. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Cyrchwyd May 14, 2022.
• Ambrosius, Lloyd E. (2000). "Wilson, Woodrow". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0600726. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Cyrchwyd May 14, 2022.
• Ammon, Harry (2000). "Monroe, James". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0300338. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Cyrchwyd May 14, 2022.
• Anbinder, Tyler (2000). "Fillmore, Millard". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0400374. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Cyrchwyd May 14, 2022.
• Banning, Lance (2000). "Madison, James". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0300303. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Cyrchwyd May 14, 2022.
• Brinkley, Alan (2000). "Roosevelt, Franklin Delano". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0600567. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Cyrchwyd May 14, 2022.
• Campbell, Ballard C. (2000). "Cleveland, Grover". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0500144. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Cyrchwyd May 14, 2022.
• Cole, Donald B. (2000). "Van Buren, Martin". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0300507. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Cyrchwyd May 14, 2022.
• Gara, Larry (2000). "Pierce, Franklin". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0400788. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Cyrchwyd May 14, 2022.
• Gardner, Lloyd (2000). "Johnson, Lyndon Baines". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0700147. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Cyrchwyd May 14, 2022.
• Gienapp, William E. (2000). "Buchanan, James". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0400170. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Cyrchwyd May 14, 2022.
• Gould, Lewis L. (2000). "McKinley, William". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0500507. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Cyrchwyd May 14, 2022.
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• Greene, John Robert (2013). "Ford, Gerald R., Jr". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1501345. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Cyrchwyd May 14, 2022.
• Gutzman, K. R. Constantine (2000). "Harrison, William Henry". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0300211. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Cyrchwyd May 14, 2022.
• Hamby, Alonzo L. (2000). "Truman, Harry S." American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0700307. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Cyrchwyd May 14, 2022.
• Harbaugh, William H. (2000). "Roosevelt, Theodore". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0600569. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Cyrchwyd May 14, 2022.
• Hargreaves, Mary W. M. (2000). "Adams, John Quincy". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0300002. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Cyrchwyd May 14, 2022.
• Hawley, Ellis W. (2000). "Harding, Warren Gamaliel". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0600253. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Cyrchwyd May 14, 2022.
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• "Calvin Coolidge". whitehouse.gov. Cyrchwyd July 31, 2022.
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• Horsley, Scott; Rosenbaum, Marcus; Kesbeh, Dina (November 20, 2018). "Former President George H.W. Bush Dies At 94". NPR. Cyrchwyd 2022-01-11.
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