Traphont a phibell ddŵr Elan - Birmingham
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| Math | adeilad  |
|---|---|
| Daearyddiaeth | |
| Gwlad |  Cymru |
| Cyfesurynnau | 52.3607°N 2.7897°W |
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Chwalwyd cymunedau clos, Cymreig yn Nyffryn Elan ac yn Nyffryn Afon Claerwen, Powys rhwng 1896 ac 1906, pan grewyd nifer o gronfeydd dŵr er mwyn cludo'r cyflenwad o ddŵr yfed oddi yma i Gronfa Frankley, Birmingham. Crewyd system o draphontydd a phibellau i gludo'r dŵr dros bellter o 73 milltir (117 km) ar draws 11 dyffryn. Mae'n teithio drwy Bowys, gogledd Henffordd, de Swydd Amwythig ac i Orllewin Canolbarth Lloegr (sir). Nid oes angen na phwmp na pheiriant, gan fod disgyrchiant yn ei gludo ar gyflymder o tua dwy filltir yr awr, gan gymryd deuddydd a hanner i dridiau i gyrraedd pen ei dath.[1] Teithiodd y diferyn cyntaf o ddŵr am y tro cyntaf o Argaeau Dyffryn Elan i Birmingham ar 28 Gorffennaf 1904, wythnos ar ôl yr agoriad swyddogol gan Edward VII, brenin Lloegr.
Y prif beiriannydd oedd James Mansergh a sgwennodd: "To the construction of the line of aqueduct from the Elan to Birmingham there was no serious opposition, landowners being well enough aware nowadays that they have little chance to stop a great and useful scheme of this character, and that their prudent policy is to acquiesce, with the chance of bleeding the promoters heavily for interfering with their property. Experience is showing that in this process they are perhaps more than fairly proficient".
Dadleolwyd cymunedau amaethyddol Cymraeg eu hiaith rhwng 1880 a'r 1960au, pan foddwyd cymoedd ym Mhowys i gyflenwi dŵr yfed i Lerpwl a Chanolbarth Lloegr. Mae Llyn Efyrnwy er enghraifft yn cyflenwi dŵr i Lerpwl ac Argaeau Dyffryn Elan yn cyflenwi dŵr i Birmingham a gweddill Gorllewin Canolbarth Lloegr. Y corff a oedd yn gyfrifol am godi'r argaeon (y waliau carreg i ddal y dŵr oedd Birmingham Corporation, ond cyflogwyd sawl cwmni i godi'r draphont a chladdu'r pibellau mewn ffosydd: roedd gan bob cwmni ei damed ei hun i'w gwbwlhau.[2]
Cefndir[golygu | golygu cod]
Ni roddwyd iawndal i'r cant o drigolion a symudwyd o Gwm Elan; ond derbyniodd y tirfeddianwyr iawndal. Effeithiodd y cynllun ar ddeunaw o fythynnod a ffermdai, ysgol, eglwys a dau blasty. Cymerodd 13 blwyddyn i gwbwlhau'r gwaith o godi'r argaeau: rhwng 1893 a 1906. Yr gronfa ddŵr gyntaf i gael ei chodi, fel rhan o'r gadwen o argaeon oedd argae Caban Coch ac yna cronfa ddŵr ac argae Penygarreg a chronfa ddŵr ac argae Craig Goch yn dilyn hynny. Mae Tŵr Y Foel yn sefyll 52 metr uwchlaw Cronfa Ddŵr Frankley yn Birmingham ac mae'r dŵr yn cael ei drosglwyddo drwy draphont ddŵr 117 cilometr o hyd. Rhwng cronfeydd dŵr Garreg Ddu a Chaban Coch mae argae Garreg Ddu'n adeiledd tanddwr. Mae'n dal y dŵr yn ôl fel y gall gael ei echdynnu yn Nhŵr Y Foel.
Daearyddiaeth[golygu | golygu cod]
Mae'r dŵr yn llifo o'r gronfa olaf yn y gadwen, sef Cronfa Caban Coch:
- Cronfa Caban Coch: 52°16′31″N 3°33′49″W / 52.275233°N 3.563492°W
- Afon Gwy: 52°17′47″N 3°30′12″W / 52.296442°N 3.503467°W[3]
- Adeilad y Falf: 52°17′30″N 3°26′41″W / 52.291594°N 3.444634°W[4]
- Traphont Nantmel: 52°17′10″N 3°24′59″W / 52.286113°N 3.416445°W[5]
- Traphont Carmel: 52°17′15″N 3°23′00″W / 52.287612°N 3.383281°W[6]
- Pont dros gwlfert y nant: 52°18′03″N 3°13′00″W / 52.300834°N 3.216593°W[7]
- Tŵr Gwylio: 52°18′13″N 3°11′19″W / 52.303591°N 3.188647°W[8]
- Pont dros nant: 52°18′53″N 3°07′19″W / 52.314798°N 3.121883°W
- Tŵr arolygu|52°19′14″N 3°06′27″W / 52.320521°N 3.107452°W[9]
- Brynymor: 52°17′16″N 3°22′59″W / 52.287640°N 3.383070°W
- Traphont cuddiedig: 52°20′05″N 3°04′07″W / 52.334666°N 3.068550°W[10]
- Adeilad y Falf: 52°20′24″N 3°02′45″W / 52.339871°N 3.045829°W[11]
- Siambr ymchwil: 52°20′52″N 3°00′18″W / 52.347854°N 3.004957°W[12]
- Siambr ymchwil: 52°20′55″N 2°58′50″W / 52.348547°N 2.980469°W[13]
- Graham's Cottage Bridge (Afon Teme, Leintwardine): 52°20′50″N 2°51′31″W / 52.347344°N 2.858526°W
- Pont Downton Bridge (Afon Teme, Downton): 52°21′03″N 2°50′27″W / 52.350831°N 2.840863°W
- Siambr ymchwil: 52°21′17″N 2°49′31″W / 52.354799°N 2.825199°W[14]
- Adeilad y Falf: 52°21′33″N 2°48′13″W / 52.359273°N 2.803600°W
- Siambr ymchwl: 52°21′36″N 2°47′48″W / 52.360114°N 2.796648°W[15]
- Adeilad y Falf: 52°21′38″N 2°47′38″W / 52.360438°N 2.793830°W[16]
- Croesle Deepwood Dingle ("80 or 90 feet high", a adeiladwyd gan Morrison & Mason, o Glasgow.[17]): 52°21′39″N 2°47′23″W / 52.360697°N 2.789672°W
- Wheelers Vallets Dingle Crossing: 52°21′41″N 2°46′50″W / 52.361508°N 2.780470°W
- Pont Teme Bridge (Afon Teme, Llwydlo): 52°21′35″N 2°42′13″W / 52.359678°N 2.703721°W
- Ledwyche Brook: 52°21′37″N 2°40′49″W / 52.3603172°N 2.6802536°W
- Siambr ymchwil: 52°21′47″N 2°37′43″W / 52.363091°N 2.628587°W[18]
- Pont Bennettsend Bridge (Cumberley Lane/ Colly Brook): 52°21′56″N 2°37′02″W / 52.365627°N 2.617254°W
- Pont Hope Bagot Bridge: 52°21′52″N 2°36′21″W / 52.364581°N 2.605730°W
- Corn Brook: 52°22′10″N 2°34′54″W / 52.369394°N 2.581770°W
- Piler triongli: 52°21′59″N 2°35′48″W / 52.366449°N 2.596530°W[19]
- Adeilad y Falf: 52°22′53″N 2°30′26″W / 52.381486°N 2.507248°W[20]
- Pont: 52°23′08″N 2°29′34″W / 52.385448°N 2.492773°W[21]
- Afon Rea, Swydd Amwythig: 52°23′15″N 2°28′44″W / 52.387401°N 2.478847°W
- Nant Mad Brook: 52°23′35″N 2°24′50″W / 52.393083°N 2.413848°W[22]
- Afon Hafren: 52°24′04″N 2°19′53″W / 52.40117°N 2.33145°W
- seiffon: 52°24′53″N 2°15′58″W / 52.414734°N 2.266107°W
- seiffon: 52°25′00″N 2°15′07″W / 52.416608°N 2.252064°W[23]
- seiffon: 52°25′48″N 2°09′47″W / 52.429898°N 2.163124°W[24]
- seiffon: 52°25′46″N 2°09′10″W / 52.429569°N 2.152842°W[25]
- Adfail hen bont dros Birmingham to Worcester via Kidderminster Line|Birmingham-Worcester railway line]]: 52°25′46″N 2°08′34″W / 52.429318°N 2.142821°W[26]
- Cronfa Cronfa Frankley Reservoir, Birmingham
Gweler hefyd[golygu | golygu cod]
- Afon Elan
- Claerwen
- Cronfa Nant-y-moch
- Capel Celyn
- Llyn Efyrnwy
- Cronfa'r Bannau
- Cronfa Pontsticill
- Llyn Clywedog
- Llyn Wysg
Cyfeiriadau[golygu | golygu cod]
- ↑ "Powys Digital History Project: Elan Valley Dams". http://history.powys.org.uk/history/rhayader/aqueduct1.html. Adalwyd 9 Mai 2012.
- ↑ Hanes Powys; adalwyd 15 Ionawr 2017.
- ↑ Mr M Evison. "Water Pipeline (C) Mr M Evison :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
- ↑ Mr M Evison. "Valve House (C) Mr M Evison :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
- ↑ Mr M Evison. "Nantmel Aqueduct (C) Mr M Evison :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
- ↑ Mr M Evison. "Carmel Aqueduct (C) Mr M Evison :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
- ↑ Mr M Evison. "The Elan Valley Aqueduct (C) Mr M Evison :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
- ↑ Mr M Evison. "Observatory Point on The Elan Valley... (C) Mr M Evison :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
- ↑ Mr M Evison. "Surveying Point On The Elan Aqueduct (C) Mr M Evison :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
- ↑ Mr M Evison. "Hidden Aqueduct (C) Mr M Evison :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
- ↑ Mr M Evison. "Valve House on The Elan Valley Aqueduct (C) Mr M Evison :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
- ↑ Mr M Evison. "Access To Water (C) Mr M Evison :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
- ↑ Richard Webb. "Under Park Bank (C) Richard Webb :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
- ↑ Ian Capper. "Route of Elan Aqueduct (C) Ian Capper :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
- ↑ Ian Capper. "Line of Elan Aqueduct (C) Ian Capper :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
- ↑ Mr M Evison. "Hidden Valve House (C) Mr M Evison :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
- ↑ ""THE BIRMINGHAM WATERWORKS." Darlith gan JAMES MANSERGH, Llywydd.". International Engineering Congress 1901 : Glasgow. Report of the proceedings and abstracts of the papers read.. 1901. http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/international-engineering-congress-1901--glasgow/report-of-the-proceedings-and-abstracts-of-the-papers-read-hci/page-23-report-of-the-proceedings-and-abstracts-of-the-papers-read-hci.shtml. Adalwyd 2017-01-15.
- ↑ Mr M Evison. "Water Pipeline access Point (C) Mr M Evison :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
- ↑ Mr M Evison. "Concrete Pillar (C) Mr M Evison :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
- ↑ Mr M Evison. "Valve House (C) Mr M Evison :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
- ↑ Mr M Evison. "Elan Valley Aqueduct (C) Mr M Evison :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
- ↑ Mr M Evison. "Elan Valley Aqueduct (C) Mr M Evison :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
- ↑ Simon Jobson. "Elan Aqueduct siphon at Wolverley... (C) Simon Jobson :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
- ↑ Simon Jobson. "Elan Aqueduct siphon (C) Simon Jobson :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
- ↑ Simon Jobson. "Elan Aqueduct siphon (C) Simon Jobson :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
- ↑ Simon Jobson. "Elan Aqueduct crossing the railway (C) Simon Jobson :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
Oriel[golygu | golygu cod]
-
Cronfa Garreg Ddu, yr olaf o gronfeydd Dyffryn Elan, yn y 1910au -
Traphont dros Afon Hafren -
Traphont ger Llwydlo -
Traphont tua chwe milltir i'r gorllewin o Birmingham -
Adeilad Falf, rhwng Leintwardine a Llwydlo: Birmingham Corporation Water -
Cronfa Frankley Reservoir, Birmingham
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