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Grimmia

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Grimmia
Grimmia pulvinata
Dosbarthiad gwyddonol e
Unrecognized taxon (fix): Grimmia
Grimmia
Grimmia pulvinata
Dosbarthiad gwyddonol e
Teyrnas: Plantae
Rhanniad: Bryophyta
Dosbarth: Bryopsida
Is-ddosbarth: Dicranidae
Trefn: Grimmiales
Teulu: Grimmiaceae
Genws: Grimmia

Hedw.
Grimmia dissimulata sych 2009-01-29
Grimmia maido llaith 2008-11-08
Grimmia torenii sych 2008-11-07

Genws o fwsoglau yw Grimmia ( Bryophyta ), a enwyd yn wreiddiol gan Jakob Friedrich Ehrhart  [1] er anrhydedd i Johann Friedrich Carl Grimm, meddyg a botanegydd o Gotha, yr Almaen .

Dosbarthiad daearyddol

[golygu | golygu cod]

Er ei fod yn tyfu'n bennaf yn y parthau cymedrol, gellir dod o hyd i gynrychiolwyr o'r genws cosmopolitan Grimmia ym mhob rhan o'r byd, o Alaska i bwynt mwyaf deheuol Chile, ac o Siberia i Dde Affrica, er mewn rhanbarthau trofannol, e.e. Hawaii ac Indonesia, dim ond yn uchel yn y mynyddoedd y mae rhywogaethau Grimmia i'w cael.

Adnabod

[golygu | golygu cod]

Mae Grimmia yn genws hynod anodd o ran ei adnabod, ac yn y mwyafrif o lysieufa darganfuwyd bod nifer sylweddol o rywogaethau wedi'u cam-adnabod. Nododd y bryolegydd Americanaidd Geneva Sayre [2] (1911–1992), a fu’n gweithio am flynyddoedd lawer ar fonograff o’r Grimmias Gogledd America, yr anawsterau hyn mewn ffordd wreiddiol, fel y dywedodd: “mae’n cynnwys ambigua, varia, a decipiens, dadl, revisa ac o leiaf dau anomalas". [3]

Cyhoeddiadau

[golygu | golygu cod]

Yn yr Index Muscorum, [4] cynrychiolir y genws Grimmia gyda 800 o enwau rhywogaethau cyhoeddedig . Fel ers Loeske (1930), [5] nid oedd unrhyw adolygiad o'r rhywogaeth Ewropeaidd wedi'i wneud.

Dechreuodd y bryolegydd o'r Iseldiroedd HC Greven ym 1990 gyda gwaith maes Grimmia ac adolygiad o gasgliadau Grimmia o lysieufa Ewropeaidd pwysig. Cyhoeddwyd y canlyniadau yn " Grimmia Hedw. (Grimmiaceae, Musci) yn Ewrop". [6]

Ar ôl archwilio casgliadau Grimmia o llysieufa yng Ngogledd a De America, De Affrica, Awstralia a Seland Newydd, a thua 50 o deithiau casglu Grimmia ar bob cyfandir, cyhoeddwyd Grimmias of the World . [7] Cyfraniad pwysig oedd adolygu Grimmia yng Ngogledd America. [8]

Yn ystod y degawdau diwethaf, daeth mwy o fryolegwyr i ymddiddori yn y genws Grimmia . Cyhoeddodd Jesús Muñoz adolygiad herbaria o Grimmia yn America Ladin, [9] ac astudiodd Maier sbesimenau llysieufa o Grimmia o'r Himalaya . [10]

Dosbarthiad

[golygu | golygu cod]

Mae'r genws Grimmia yn cynnwys y rhywogaethau canlynol:  

Rhywogaethau a ddarganfuwyd diweddaraf

[golygu | golygu cod]

Yn ystod y 15 mlynedd diwethaf (1996 i 2010), mae'r rhywogaethau Grimmia canlynol wedi'u darganfod a'u disgrifio:

  1. Grimmia maido (Greven 1996) [11]
  2. Grimmia macroperichaetialis (Greven 1998) [12]
  3. Grimmia ochyriana (Muñoz 1998) [13]
  4. Grimmia wilsonii (Greven 1998) [14]
  5. Grimmia mexicana (Greven 1999) [15]
  6. G rimmia molesta (Muñoz 1999) [9]
  7. Grimmia indica (Goffinet & Greven 2000) [16]
  8. Grimmia dissimulata (Maier 2002b) [17]
  9. Grimmia nevadensis (Greven 2002) [18]
  10. Grimmia serrana (Muñoz, Shevock a Toren 2002) [19]
  11. Grimmia lesherae (Greven 2003) [7]
  12. Grimmia mauiensis (Greven 2003) [7]
  13. Grimmia maunakeaensis (Greven 2003) [7]
  14. Grimmia shastae (Greven 2003) [7]
  15. Grimmia milleri (Hastings & Greven 2007) [8]
  16. Grimmia torenii (Hastings 2008) [20]
  17. Grimmia texicana (Greven 2010) [21]

Cyfeiriadau

[golygu | golygu cod]
  1. ↑ Verein für Naturkunde an der Unterweser. Separate Schriften des Vereins fur Naturkunde an der Unterweser. No. 2-3. 1905. t. 361.
  2. ↑ "Farlow Reference Library at Harvard University". Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar 2010-06-22. Cyrchwyd 2023-01-06.
  3. ↑ Richards, P. (1993). "Geneva Sayre (1911-1992)". Journal of Bryology 17: 696–698. doi:10.1179/jbr.1993.17.4.689.
  4. ↑ Wijk, van der, R.; W. G. Margadant; P. A. Florschütz (1962). Index Muscorum. Utrecht, Netherlands: International Association for Plant Taxonomy.
  5. ↑ Loeske, L. (1930). Monographie der europäischen Grimmiaceen. Stuttgart, Germany: E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.
  6. ↑ Greven, H. C. (1995). Grimmia Hedw. (Grimmiaceae, Musci) in Europe. Leiden, Netherlands: Backhuys Publishers. t. 160. ISBN 90-73348-38-2.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Greven, H. C. (2003). Grimmias of the World. Leiden, Netherlands: Backhuys Publishers. t. 247. ISBN 90-5782-127-3.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Hastings, R. I.; H. C. Greven (2007). "Grimmia milleri sp. nov. (Grimmiaceae) from northeastern North America and the status of Grimmia afroincurva". The Bryologist 110 (3): 500–505. doi:10.1639/0007-2745(2007)110[500:gmsngf]2.0.co;2. JSTOR 20110882. https://archive.org/details/sim_bryologist_fall-2007_110_3/page/500.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Muñoz, J. (1999). "A revision of Grimmia (Musci, Grimmiaceae) in the Americas. 1: Latin America". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 86 (1): 118–191. doi:10.2307/2666219. JSTOR 2666219. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/28617.
  10. ↑ Maier, E. (2002). "The genus Grimmia (Musci, Grimmiaceae) in the Himalaya". Candollea 57: 143–238.
  11. ↑ Greven, H. C. (1996). "Grimmia maido and Grimmia sanii, Two new species from Africa". The Bryologist 99 (4): 428–432. doi:10.2307/3244106. JSTOR 3244106. https://archive.org/details/sim_bryologist_winter-1996_99_4/page/428.
  12. ↑ Greven, H. C. (1998). "Grimmia macroperichaetialis, a new species from Australia". The Bryologist 101 (1): 100–102. doi:10.2307/3244079. JSTOR 3244079. https://archive.org/details/sim_bryologist_spring-1998_101_1/page/100.
  13. ↑ Muñoz, J. (1998). "Grimmia ochyriana (Musci, Grimmiaceae), a new species from Nepalese Himalaya". Nova Hedwigia 66 (1–2): 235–240. doi:10.1127/nova.hedwigia/66/1998/235.
  14. ↑ Greven, H. C. (1998). "Synopsis of Grimmia Hedw. in New Zealand, including Grimmia wilsonii sp. nov.". Journal of Bryology 20 (2): 389–402. doi:10.1179/jbr.1998.20.2.389.
  15. ↑ Greven, H. C. (1999). "A synopsis of Grimmia in Mexico, including Grimmia mexicana sp. nov.". The Bryologist 102 (3): 426–436. doi:10.2307/3244231. JSTOR 3244231. https://archive.org/details/sim_bryologist_fall-1999_102_3/page/426.
  16. ↑ Goffinet, B.; H. C. Greven (2000). "Grimmia indica (Grimmiaceae), a new combination". Journal of Bryology 22: 141.
  17. ↑ Maier, E. (2002). "Grimmia dissimulata E. Maier sp. nova, and the taxonomic position of Grimmia trichophylla var. meridionalis Müll. Hal. (Musci, Grimmiaceae)". Candollea 56: 281–300.
  18. ↑ Greven, H. C. (1999). "Grimmia nevadensis, a new species from California". The Bryologist 105 (2): 273–275. doi:10.1639/0007-2745(2002)105[0273:GNANSF]2.0.CO;2.
  19. ↑ Muñoz, J.; J. R. Shevock; D. Toren (2002). "Grimmia serrana (Bryopsida, Grimmiaceae), a new species from California, U.S.A.". Journal of Bryology 24 (2): 143–146. doi:10.1179/037366802125001006. http://www.rjb.csic.es/jardinbotanico/ficheros/documentos/pdf/pubinv/JMF/2002_JBryol_24_143-146_Grimmia%20serrana.pdf.
  20. ↑ Hastings, R. I. (2008). "Grimmia torenii sp. nov. (Grimmiaceae) from California and its separation from G. ovalis and G. tergestina". The Bryologist 111 (3): 463–475. doi:10.1639/0007-2745(2008)111[463:GTSNGF]2.0.CO;2. https://archive.org/details/sim_bryologist_fall-2008_111_3/page/463.
  21. ↑ Greven, H. C. (2010). "Grimmia texicana sp. nov. (Grimmiaceae) from Texas and its separation from Grimmia arizonae". The Bryologist 113 (2): 360–364. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-113.2.360. https://archive.org/details/sim_bryologist_summer-2010_113_2/page/360.
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