Melatonin
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| Delwedd:Melatonin2.svg, Melatonin.svg | |
| Enghraifft o: | math o endid cemegol  |
|---|---|
| Math | tryptamines, hormon |
| Màs | 232.121 uned Dalton |
| Fformiwla gemegol | C₁₃h₁₆n₂o₂ |
| Rhan o | melatonin receptor activity, melatonin binding, melatonin biosynthetic process, melatonin metabolic process, melatonin catabolic process, acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase activity |
| Yn cynnwys | nitrogen, carbon |
| Dynodwyr | |
| SMILES | Cc(=o)nccc1=cnc2=c1c=c(c=c2)oc |
| Freebase | /M/01pxjm |
| Thesawrws y BNCF | 5544 |
| CAS | 73-31-4 |
| PubChem CID | 896 |
| ChEBI | 16796 |
| InChI | Inchi=1s/c13h16n2o2/c1-9(16)14-6-5-10-8-15-13-4-3-11(17-2)7-12(10)13/h3-4,7-8,15h,5-6h2,1-2h3,(h,14,16) |
| ChEMBL | Chembl45 |
| ChemSpider | 872 |
| UNII | Jl5dk93rcl |
| ATC | N05ch01 |
| KEGG | D08170, c01598 |
| Llawlyfr Ligand | 224, 1357 |
| Rhif EC | 200-797-7 |
| Cofrestr Beilstein | 205542 |
| Drugbank | Db01065 |
| ECHA | 100.000.725 |
| HMDB | Hmdb0001389 |
| PDB | 5i8f, 4qoi, 4qog, 2qx6, 2qx4, 2qwx |
| RxNorm CUI | 6711 |
| UMLS CUI | C0025219 |
| NDF-RT | N0000148757 |
| Quora | Melatonin |
 Ffeiliau perthnasol ar Gomin Wicimedia | |
Hormon yw Melatonin sy'n cael ei gynhyrchu gan y corffyn pineol (ynghyd â lleoliadau eraill) ac sy'n rheoleiddio effröwch.[1] Mae hefyd yn wrthocsidydd nerthol ac yn rhyngweithio gyda'r system imiwnedd. Fel meddyginiaeth, mae'n cael ei ddefnyddio i drin anhunedd, ond mae amrywiaeth barn gymysg ynghylch ei effeithiolrwydd.[2]
Cafodd melatonin ei ddarganfod gyntaf mewn cysylltiad â'r mecanwaith sy'n galluogi rhai amffibiaid ac ymlusgiaid i newid lliw eu crwyn.[3][4] Mor gynnar â 1917, llwyddodd Carey Pratt McCord a Floyd P. Allen i ddarganfod bod bwydo echdynion o gorffynau pineol gwartheg yn goleuo crwyn penbyliaid trwy fagu'r melanofforau epidermol tywyll.[5][6]
Yn 1958, aeth yr athro mewn dermatoleg Aaron B. Lerner a chydweithwyr ym Mhrifysgol Yale, ati i ynysu'r hormon o'r echdyniadau o gorffynau pineol buchol yn y gobaith y byddai'n ddefnyddiol i drin afiechydon croen, a'i alw yn melatonin.[7] Yng nghanol y 1970au y darganfuwyd[8] bod cynhyrchu melatonin yn arddangos rhythm circadaidd mewn corffynau pineol dynol.
Yn 1993 y darganfuwyd bod melatonin yn wrthocsidydd.[9] Rhoddwyd patent i Richard Wurtman o MIT yn 1995 i'w ddefnyddio fel cymorth i gysgu.[10] O gwmpas yr un adeg, cafodd yr hormon lawer o sylw yn y wasg fel triniaeth bosibl i nifer o afiechydon.[11][12] Serch hynny, mae profion o'i effeithiolrwydd fel triniaeth ar gyfer amryw o afiechydon hyd yma wedi bod yn gymysg, gyda nifer yn amhendant neu'n amheus.
Cyfeiriadau
[golygu | golygu cod]- ↑ "Melatonin". The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology 38 (3): 313–16. Mawrth 2006. doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.08.020. PMID 16219483.
- ↑ "Management of Insomnia Disorder[Internet]". AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Reviews 15 (16): EHC027–EF. 2015. PMID 26844312. "Evidence for benzodiazepine hypnotics, melatonin agonists in the general adult population, and most pharmacologic interventions in older adults was generally insufficient"
- ↑ "Comparative aspects of the pineal/melatonin system of poikilothermic vertebrates". J. Pineal Res. 20 (4): 175–86. Mai 1996. doi:10.1111/j.1600-079X.1996.tb00256.x. PMID 8836950.
- ↑ "Melatonin, melatonin receptors and melanophores: a moving story". Pigment Cell Res. 17 (5): 454–60. October 2004. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0749.2004.00185.x. PMID 15357831.
- ↑ Encyclopedia of dietary supplements. New York, N.Y: Marcel Dekker. 2005. tt. 457–66. ISBN 978-0-8247-5504-1.
- ↑ "Evidences associating pineal gland function with alterations in pigmentation". J Exp Zool 23 (1): 206–24. Ionawr 1917. doi:10.1002/jez.1400230108. https://books.google.com/?id=OOM1AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA207.
- ↑ "Isolation of melatonin and 5-methoxyindole-3-acetic acid from bovine pineal glands". J. Biol. Chem. 235: 1992–97. Gorffennaf 1960. PMID 14415935. https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-biological-chemistry_1960-07_235_7/page/1992.
- ↑ "Daily rhythm in human urinary melatonin". Science 187 (4172): 169–71. Gorffennaf 1975. Bibcode 1975Sci...187..169L. doi:10.1126/science.1167425. PMID 1167425. https://archive.org/details/sim_science_1975-01-17_187_4172/page/168.
- ↑ "Melatonin, hydroxyl radical-mediated oxidative damage, and aging: a hypothesis". J. Pineal Res. 14 (4): 151–68. May 1993. doi:10.1111/j.1600-079X.1993.tb00498.x. PMID 8102180.
- ↑ US patent 5449683, Nodyn:Citation/authors, "Methods of inducing sleep using melatonin", issued 12 Medi 1995, assigned to Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- ↑ Arendt J (Awst 2005). "Melatonin: characteristics, concerns, and prospects". J. Biol. Rhythms 20 (4): 291–303. doi:10.1177/0748730405277492. PMID 16077149. https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-biological-rhythms_2005-08_20_4/page/291. "There is very little evidence in the short term for toxicity or undesirable effects in humans. The extensive promotion of the miraculous powers of melatonin in the recent past did a disservice to acceptance of its genuine benefits."
- ↑ Arendt J (Hydref 2000). "Melatonin, circadian rhythms, and sleep". N. Engl. J. Med. 343 (15): 1114–16. doi:10.1056/NEJM200010123431510. PMID 11027748. https://archive.org/details/sim_new-england-journal-of-medicine_2000-10-12_343_15/page/1114.