Treiglad: Gwahaniaeth rhwng fersiynau

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Llinell 1: Llinell 1:
Newid mewn [[cytsain]] ar ddechrau [[gair]] yn ôl ei safle neu swyddogaeth yw '''treiglad'''. Mae treigladau'n nodweddiadol o'r [[ieithoedd Celtaidd]], ond mae treigladau'n digwydd mewn sawl iaith arall fel Fula (iaith yng ngorllewin [[Affrica]]) a Nivkh (iaith o [[Siberia]]).
Newid mewn [[cytsain]] ar ddechrau [[gair]] yn ôl ei safle neu ei swyddogaeth yw '''treiglad'''. Mae treigladau'n nodweddiadol o'r [[ieithoedd Celtaidd]], ond mae treigladau'n digwydd mewn sawl iaith arall fel Fula (iaith yng ngorllewin [[Affrica]]) a Nivkh (iaith o [[Siberia]]).


==Treigliadau yn Gymraeg==
==Treigladau yn Gymraeg==


Mae gan y Gymraeg dri phrif dreiglad, y treiglad meddal, y treiglad trwynol a'r treiglad llaes. Yn Gymraeg mae treigliadau'n achosi i [[brawddeg|frawddegau]] llifo’n rhwydd ac yn fwy esmwyth i’r [[clust|glust]].
Mae gan y Gymraeg dri phrif dreiglad, y treiglad meddal, y treiglad trwynol a'r treiglad llaes. Yn Gymraeg mae treigladau'n achosi i [[brawddeg|frawddegau]] lifo’n rhwydd ac yn fwy esmwyth i’r [[clust|glust]].


===Treigliad meddal===
===Treiglad meddal===

Ceir '''treiglad meddal''' mewn [[enw]]au ac [[ansoddair|ansoddeiriau]].
Treiglad mwyaf cyffredin y Gymraeg yw'r treiglad meddal.


Dyma’r llythrennau sy’n treiglo’n feddal:
Dyma’r llythrennau sy’n treiglo’n feddal:
Llinell 21: Llinell 22:
===Treigladau meddal yn yr ieithoedd Celtaidd ===
===Treigladau meddal yn yr ieithoedd Celtaidd ===


Mae'r daflen yma yn dangos gweithrediadau treigladau meddal yn yr ieithoedd Celtaidd. Oherwydd bod llythyraeth unigol gan bob iaith, cafodd gyd-enwau eu rhoi arnynt am eu trefnu. Mae hyn yn ei gwneud yn hawddach cymharu yr ieithoedd. Er enghraifft, mae '''çh''' Manaweg yn hafal â '''t''' (''meindwf'') yn yr ieithoedd Gaelaidd eraill.
Mae'r tabl hwn yn dangos gweithrediadau treigladau meddal yn yr ieithoedd Celtaidd. Oherwydd bod gan bob iaith ei horgraff ei hun, mae'r treigladau wedi eu trefnu yn ôl eu seiniau. Mae hyn yn ei gwneud yn haws cymharu yr ieithoedd. Er enghraifft, mae '''çh''' Manaweg yn gyfartal â '''t''' (''fain'') yn yr ieithoedd Gaelaidd eraill.


Mae'r gell lwyd yn dangos bod dim treiglad meddal yn yr iaith honno am y llythyren honno.
Mae cell lwyd yn dangos bod dim treiglad meddal yn yr iaith honno am y llythyren honno.


:{| class="wikitable" cellspacing="7" style="text-align: center;"
:{| class="wikitable" cellspacing="7" style="text-align: center;"
Llinell 33: Llinell 34:
|-
|-
! style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" width = "100" | Ffurf gysefin
! style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" width = "100" | Ffurf gysefin
! style="background-color:#FFE4C4;" width = "100" | Sŵn ([[Gwyddor Seinegol Ryngwladol|GSR]])
! style="background-color:#FFE4C4;" width = "100" | Sain ([[Gwyddor Seinegol Ryngwladol|GSR]])
! style="background-color:#FFE4C4;" width = "100" | [[Manaweg]]
! style="background-color:#FFE4C4;" width = "100" | [[Manaweg]]
! style="background-color:#FFE4C4;" width = "100" | [[Gaeleg yr Alban]]
! style="background-color:#FFE4C4;" width = "100" | [[Gaeleg yr Alban]]
Llinell 41: Llinell 42:
! style="background-color:#FFE4C4;" width = "100" | [[Llydaweg]]
! style="background-color:#FFE4C4;" width = "100" | [[Llydaweg]]
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''p''' meindwf || {{IPA|/pʲ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;" | || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/pʲ/}} → {{IPA|/fʲ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;" |
| rowspan="2" | '''p''' fain || {{IPA|/pʲ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;" | || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/pʲ/}} → {{IPA|/fʲ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;" |
|-
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''p''' → '''ph'''|| style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| ''Sillafiad'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''p''' → '''ph'''|| style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''p''' bras || {{IPA|/pˠ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/pˠ/}} → {{IPA|/fˠ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| rowspan="2" | '''p''' lydan || {{IPA|/pˠ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/pˠ/}} → {{IPA|/fˠ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''p''' → '''ph'''|| style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| ''Sillafiad'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''p''' → '''ph'''|| style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''p''' || {{IPA|/p/}} || {{IPA|/p/}} → {{IPA|/f/}} || {{IPA|/pʰ/}} → {{IPA|/f/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/p/}} → {{IPA|/b/}} || {{IPA|/p/}} → {{IPA|/b/}} || {{IPA|/p/}} → {{IPA|/b/}}
| rowspan="2" | '''p''' || {{IPA|/p/}} || {{IPA|/p/}} → {{IPA|/f/}} || {{IPA|/pʰ/}} → {{IPA|/f/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/p/}} → {{IPA|/b/}} || {{IPA|/p/}} → {{IPA|/b/}} || {{IPA|/p/}} → {{IPA|/b/}}
|-
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || '''p''' → '''ph'''|| '''p''' → '''ph'''|| style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''p''' → '''b'''|| '''p''' → '''b'''|| '''p''' → '''b'''
| ''Sillafiad'' || '''p''' → '''ph'''|| '''p''' → '''ph'''|| style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''p''' → '''b'''|| '''p''' → '''b'''|| '''p''' → '''b'''
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''t''' meindwf || {{IPA|/tʲ/}} || {{IPA|/ʧ/}} → {{IPA|/h/}}, {{IPA|/ʧ/}} || {{IPA|/tʲʰ/}} → {{IPA|/h/}}, {{IPA|/hj/}} || {{IPA|/tʲ/}} → {{IPA|/h/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| rowspan="2" | '''t''' fain || {{IPA|/tʲ/}} || {{IPA|/ʧ/}} → {{IPA|/h/}}, {{IPA|/ʧ/}} || {{IPA|/tʲʰ/}} → {{IPA|/h/}}, {{IPA|/hj/}} || {{IPA|/tʲ/}} → {{IPA|/h/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || '''çh''' → '''h''', '''çh''' || '''t''' → '''th'''|| '''t''' → '''th'''|| style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| ''Sillafiad'' || '''çh''' → '''h''', '''çh''' || '''t''' → '''th'''|| '''t''' → '''th'''|| style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''t''' bras || {{IPA|/tˠ/}} || {{IPA|/tˠ/}} → {{IPA|/h/}}, {{IPA|/t/}} || {{IPA|/t̪ʰ/}} → {{IPA|/h/}} || {{IPA|/tˠ/}} → {{IPA|/h/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| rowspan="2" | '''t''' lydan || {{IPA|/tˠ/}} || {{IPA|/tˠ/}} → {{IPA|/h/}}, {{IPA|/t/}} || {{IPA|/t̪ʰ/}} → {{IPA|/h/}} || {{IPA|/tˠ/}} → {{IPA|/h/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || '''t''', '''th''' → '''h''', '''t''', '''th''' || '''t''' → '''th''' || '''t''' → '''h''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| ''Sillafiad'' || '''t''', '''th''' → '''h''', '''t''', '''th''' || '''t''' → '''th''' || '''t''' → '''h''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''t''' || {{IPA|/t/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/t/}} → {{IPA|/d/}} || {{IPA|/t/}} → {{IPA|/d/}} || {{IPA|/t/}} → {{IPA|/d/}}
| rowspan="2" | '''t''' || {{IPA|/t/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/t/}} → {{IPA|/d/}} || {{IPA|/t/}} → {{IPA|/d/}} || {{IPA|/t/}} → {{IPA|/d/}}
|-
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''t''' → '''d'''|| '''t''' → '''d'''|| '''t''' → '''d'''
| ''Sillafiad'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''t''' → '''d'''|| '''t''' → '''d'''|| '''t''' → '''d'''
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''ch'''<br>'''çh''' || {{IPA|/ʧ/}} || rowspan = "2" style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| ''edrychwch ar <br> '''t meindwf''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/ʧ/}} → {{IPA|/ʤ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| rowspan="2" | '''ch'''<br>'''çh''' || {{IPA|/ʧ/}} || rowspan = "2" style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| ''gweler <br> '''t fain''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/ʧ/}} → {{IPA|/ʤ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''ch''' → '''j''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| ''Sillafiad'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''ch''' → '''j''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''c''' meindwf <br> '''k''' meindwf || {{IPA|/c/}} || {{IPA|/c/}} → {{IPA|/ç/}} || {{IPA|/cʰ/}} → {{IPA|/çʰ/}} || {{IPA|/c/}} → {{IPA|/ç/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| rowspan="2" | '''c''' fain <br> '''k''' fain || {{IPA|/c/}} || {{IPA|/c/}} → {{IPA|/ç/}} || {{IPA|/cʰ/}} → {{IPA|/çʰ/}} || {{IPA|/c/}} → {{IPA|/ç/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || '''c''', '''k''' → '''ch''' || '''c''' → '''ch''' || '''c''' → '''ch''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| ''Sillafiad'' || '''c''', '''k''' → '''ch''' || '''c''' → '''ch''' || '''c''' → '''ch''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''c''' bras <br> '''k''' bras || {{IPA|/k/}} || {{IPA|/k/}} → {{IPA|/x/}} || {{IPA|/kʰ/}}, {{IPA|/xk/}} → {{IPA|/x/}} || {{IPA|/k/}} → {{IPA|/x/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| rowspan="2" | '''c''' lydan <br> '''k''' lydan || {{IPA|/k/}} || {{IPA|/k/}} → {{IPA|/x/}} || {{IPA|/kʰ/}}, {{IPA|/xk/}} → {{IPA|/x/}} || {{IPA|/k/}} → {{IPA|/x/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || '''c''', '''k''' → '''ch''' || '''c''' → '''ch''' || '''c''' → '''ch''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| ''Sillafiad'' || '''c''', '''k''' → '''ch''' || '''c''' → '''ch''' || '''c''' → '''ch''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''c''' || {{IPA|/k/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/k/}} → {{IPA|/g/}} || {{IPA|/k/}} → {{IPA|/g/}} || {{IPA|/k/}} → {{IPA|/g/}}
| rowspan="2" | '''c''' || {{IPA|/k/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/k/}} → {{IPA|/g/}} || {{IPA|/k/}} → {{IPA|/g/}} || {{IPA|/k/}} → {{IPA|/g/}}
|-
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''c''' → '''g''' || '''k''' → '''g''' || '''k''' → '''g'''
| ''Sillafiad'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''c''' → '''g''' || '''k''' → '''g''' || '''k''' → '''g'''
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''b''' meindwf || {{IPA|/bʲ/}} || {{IPA|/b/}} → {{IPA|/v/}} || {{IPA|/pj/}}, {{IPA|/jp/}} → {{IPA|/vj/}} || {{IPA|/bʲ/}} → {{IPA|/vʲ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| rowspan="2" | '''b''' fain || {{IPA|/bʲ/}} || {{IPA|/b/}} → {{IPA|/v/}} || {{IPA|/pj/}}, {{IPA|/jp/}} → {{IPA|/vj/}} || {{IPA|/bʲ/}} → {{IPA|/vʲ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || '''b''' → '''v''' || '''b''' → '''bh'''|| '''b''' → '''bh'''|| style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| ''Sillafiad'' || '''b''' → '''v''' || '''b''' → '''bh'''|| '''b''' → '''bh'''|| style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''b''' bras || {{IPA|/bˠ/}} || {{IPA|/bw/}}, {{IPA|/b/}} → {{IPA|/w/}} || {{IPA|/p/}} → {{IPA|/v/}} || {{IPA|/bˠ/}} → {{IPA|/w/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| rowspan="2" | '''b''' lydan || {{IPA|/bˠ/}} || {{IPA|/bw/}}, {{IPA|/b/}} → {{IPA|/w/}} || {{IPA|/p/}} → {{IPA|/v/}} || {{IPA|/bˠ/}} → {{IPA|/w/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || '''bw''', '''b''' → '''w''' || '''b''' → '''bh''' || '''b''' → '''bh''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| ''Sillafiad'' || '''bw''', '''b''' → '''w''' || '''b''' → '''bh''' || '''b''' → '''bh''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''b''' || {{IPA|/b/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/b/}} → {{IPA|/v/}} || {{IPA|/b/}} → {{IPA|/v/}} || {{IPA|/b/}} → {{IPA|/v/}}
| rowspan="2" | '''b''' || {{IPA|/b/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/b/}} → {{IPA|/v/}} || {{IPA|/b/}} → {{IPA|/v/}} || {{IPA|/b/}} → {{IPA|/v/}}
|-
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''b''' → '''f'''|| '''b''' → '''v'''|| '''b''' → '''v'''
| ''Sillafiad'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''b''' → '''f'''|| '''b''' → '''v'''|| '''b''' → '''v'''
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''d''' meindwf || {{IPA|/dʲ/}} || {{IPA|/ʤ/}} → {{IPA|/j/}}, {{IPA|/ʤ/}} || {{IPA|/tʲ/}} → {{IPA|/j/}} || {{IPA|/dʲ/}} → {{IPA|/ʝ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| rowspan="2" | '''d''' fain || {{IPA|/dʲ/}} || {{IPA|/ʤ/}} → {{IPA|/j/}}, {{IPA|/ʤ/}} || {{IPA|/tʲ/}} → {{IPA|/j/}} || {{IPA|/dʲ/}} → {{IPA|/ʝ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || '''j''' → '''y''', '''j''' || '''d''' → '''dh'''|| '''d''' → '''dh'''|| style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| ''Sillafiad'' || '''j''' → '''y''', '''j''' || '''d''' → '''dh'''|| '''d''' → '''dh'''|| style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''d''' bras || {{IPA|/dˠ/}} || {{IPA|/dˠ/}} → {{IPA|/ɣ/}}, {{IPA|/d/}} || {{IPA|/t̪/}} → {{IPA|/ɣ/}} || {{IPA|/d̪ˠ/}} → {{IPA|/ɣ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| rowspan="2" | '''d''' lydan || {{IPA|/dˠ/}} || {{IPA|/dˠ/}} → {{IPA|/ɣ/}}, {{IPA|/d/}} || {{IPA|/t̪/}} → {{IPA|/ɣ/}} || {{IPA|/d̪ˠ/}} → {{IPA|/ɣ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || '''d''' → '''gh''', '''d''' || '''d''' → '''dh''' || '''d''' → '''dh''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| ''Sillafiad'' || '''d''' → '''gh''', '''d''' || '''d''' → '''dh''' || '''d''' → '''dh''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''d''' || {{IPA|/d/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/d/}} → {{IPA|/ð/}} || {{IPA|/d/}} → {{IPA|/ð/}} || {{IPA|/d/}} → {{IPA|/z/}}
| rowspan="2" | '''d''' || {{IPA|/d/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/d/}} → {{IPA|/ð/}} || {{IPA|/d/}} → {{IPA|/ð/}} || {{IPA|/d/}} → {{IPA|/z/}}
|-
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''d''' → '''dd'''|| '''d''' → '''dh'''|| '''d''' → '''z'''
| ''Sillafiad'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''d''' → '''dd'''|| '''d''' → '''dh'''|| '''d''' → '''z'''
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''j''' || {{IPA|/ʤ/}} || rowspan = "2" style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| ''edrychwch ar <br> '''d meindwf''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| rowspan="2" | '''j''' || {{IPA|/ʤ/}} || rowspan = "2" style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| ''gweler <br> '''d fain''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| ''Sillafiad'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''g''' meindwf || {{IPA|/gʲ/}} || {{IPA|/gʲ/}} → {{IPA|/y/}} || {{IPA|/kʲ/}} → {{IPA|/ʝ/}} || {{IPA|/ɟ/}} → {{IPA|/j/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| rowspan="2" | '''g''' fain || {{IPA|/gʲ/}} || {{IPA|/gʲ/}} → {{IPA|/y/}} || {{IPA|/kʲ/}} → {{IPA|/ʝ/}} || {{IPA|/ɟ/}} → {{IPA|/j/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || '''gi''' → '''yi''', '''ghi''' || '''g''' → '''gh''' || '''g''' → '''gh''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| ''Sillafiad'' || '''gi''' → '''yi''', '''ghi''' || '''g''' → '''gh''' || '''g''' → '''gh''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''g''' bras || {{IPA|/gˠ/}} || {{IPA|/gˠ/}} → {{IPA|/ɣ/}} || {{IPA|/kˠ/}} → {{IPA|/ɣ/}} || {{IPA|/gˠ/}} → {{IPA|/ɣ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| rowspan="2" | '''g''' lydan || {{IPA|/gˠ/}} || {{IPA|/gˠ/}} → {{IPA|/ɣ/}} || {{IPA|/kˠ/}} → {{IPA|/ɣ/}} || {{IPA|/gˠ/}} → {{IPA|/ɣ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || '''g''' → '''gh''' || '''g''' → '''gh''' || '''g''' → '''gh''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| ''Sillafiad'' || '''g''' → '''gh''' || '''g''' → '''gh''' || '''g''' → '''gh''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''g''' crwn || {{IPA|/g/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/g/}} → {{IPA|/w/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| rowspan="2" | '''g''' crwn || {{IPA|/g/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/g/}} → {{IPA|/w/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''g''' → '''w''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| ''Sillafiad'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''g''' → '''w''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''g''' anghrwn || {{IPA|/g/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/g/}} → ''veg'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| rowspan="2" | '''g''' anghrwn || {{IPA|/g/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/g/}} → ''veg'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''g''' → ''veg'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| ''Sillafiad'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''g''' → ''veg'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''g''' || {{IPA|/g/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/g/}} → ''veg'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/g/}} → {{IPA|/x/}}
| rowspan="2" | '''g''' || {{IPA|/g/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/g/}} → ''veg'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/g/}} → {{IPA|/x/}}
|-
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''g''' → ''veg'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''g''' → '''c'h'''
| ''Sillafiad'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''g''' → ''veg'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''g''' → '''c'h'''
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''gw''' || {{IPA|/gw/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/gw/}} → {{IPA|/w/}} || {{IPA|/gw/}} → {{IPA|/w/}} || {{IPA|/gʷ/}} → {{IPA|/w/}}
| rowspan="2" | '''gw''' || {{IPA|/gw/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/gw/}} → {{IPA|/w/}} || {{IPA|/gw/}} → {{IPA|/w/}} || {{IPA|/gʷ/}} → {{IPA|/w/}}
|-
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''gw''' → '''w''' || '''gw''' → '''w''' || '''gw''' → '''w'''
| ''Sillafiad'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''gw''' → '''w''' || '''gw''' → '''w''' || '''gw''' → '''w'''
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''m''' meindwf || {{IPA|/mʲ/}} || {{IPA|/m/}} → {{IPA|/v/}} || {{IPA|/mj/}} → {{IPA|/vj/}} || {{IPA|/bʲ/}} → {{IPA|/vʲ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| rowspan="2" | '''m''' fain || {{IPA|/mʲ/}} || {{IPA|/m/}} → {{IPA|/v/}} || {{IPA|/mj/}} → {{IPA|/vj/}} || {{IPA|/bʲ/}} → {{IPA|/vʲ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || '''m''' → '''v''' || '''m''' → '''mh'''|| '''m''' → '''mh'''|| style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| ''Sillafiad'' || '''m''' → '''v''' || '''m''' → '''mh'''|| '''m''' → '''mh'''|| style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''m''' bras || {{IPA|/mˠ/}} || {{IPA|/mw/}}, {{IPA|/m/}} → {{IPA|/w/}} || {{IPA|/m/}} → {{IPA|/v/}} || {{IPA|/mˠ/}} → {{IPA|/w/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| rowspan="2" | '''m''' lydan || {{IPA|/mˠ/}} || {{IPA|/mw/}}, {{IPA|/m/}} → {{IPA|/w/}} || {{IPA|/m/}} → {{IPA|/v/}} || {{IPA|/mˠ/}} → {{IPA|/w/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || '''mw''', '''m''' → '''w''' || '''m''' → '''mh''' || '''m''' → '''mh''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| ''Sillafiad'' || '''mw''', '''m''' → '''w''' || '''m''' → '''mh''' || '''m''' → '''mh''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''m''' || {{IPA|/m/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/m/}} → {{IPA|/v/}} || {{IPA|/m/}} → {{IPA|/v/}} || {{IPA|/m/}} → {{IPA|/v/}}
| rowspan="2" | '''m''' || {{IPA|/m/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/m/}} → {{IPA|/v/}} || {{IPA|/m/}} → {{IPA|/v/}} || {{IPA|/m/}} → {{IPA|/v/}}
|-
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''m''' → '''f''' || '''m''' → '''v''' || '''m''' → '''v'''
| ''Sillafiad'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''m''' → '''f''' || '''m''' → '''v''' || '''m''' → '''v'''
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''f''' meindwf || {{IPA|/fʲ/}} || {{IPA|/f/}} → ''veg'', {{IPA|/f/}} || {{IPA|/f/}}, {{IPA|/fj/}} → ''veg'' || {{IPA|/fʲ/}} → ''veg'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| rowspan="2" | '''f''' fain || {{IPA|/fʲ/}} || {{IPA|/f/}} → ''veg'', {{IPA|/f/}} || {{IPA|/f/}}, {{IPA|/fj/}} → ''veg'' || {{IPA|/fʲ/}} → ''veg'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || '''f''' → ''veg'', '''f''' || '''f''' → '''fh''' || '''f''' → '''fh''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| ''Sillafiad'' || '''f''' → ''veg'', '''f''' || '''f''' → '''fh''' || '''f''' → '''fh''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''f''' bras || {{IPA|/fˠ/}} || {{IPA|/fw/}} → {{IPA|/w/}}, {{IPA|/fw/}} || {{IPA|/f/}} → ''veg'' || {{IPA|/fˠ/}} → ''veg'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| rowspan="2" | '''f''' lydan || {{IPA|/fˠ/}} || {{IPA|/fw/}} → {{IPA|/w/}}, {{IPA|/fw/}} || {{IPA|/f/}} → ''veg'' || {{IPA|/fˠ/}} → ''veg'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|


|-
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || '''fw''' → '''w''', '''fw''' || '''f''' → '''fh''' || '''f''' → '''fh''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| ''Sillafiad'' || '''fw''' → '''w''', '''fw''' || '''f''' → '''fh''' || '''f''' → '''fh''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''s''' meindwf || {{IPA|/sʲ/}} || {{IPA|/ʃ/}} → {{IPA|/h/}}, {{IPA|/ʧ/}}, {{IPA|/ʃ/}} || {{IPA|/ʃ/}} → {{IPA|/h/}}, {{IPA|/hj/}} || {{IPA|/ʃ/}} → {{IPA|/h/}}, {{IPA|/t/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| rowspan="2" | '''s''' fain || {{IPA|/sʲ/}} || {{IPA|/ʃ/}} → {{IPA|/h/}}, {{IPA|/ʧ/}}, {{IPA|/ʃ/}} || {{IPA|/ʃ/}} → {{IPA|/h/}}, {{IPA|/hj/}} || {{IPA|/ʃ/}} → {{IPA|/h/}}, {{IPA|/t/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || '''sh''' → '''h''', '''çh''', '''sh''' || '''s''' → '''sh''' || '''s''' → '''sh''', '''ts''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| ''Sillafiad'' || '''sh''' → '''h''', '''çh''', '''sh''' || '''s''' → '''sh''' || '''s''' → '''sh''', '''ts''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''s''' bras || {{IPA|/sˠ/}} || {{IPA|/s/}} → {{IPA|/h/}}, {{IPA|/t/}} || {{IPA|/s/}} → {{IPA|/h/}} || {{IPA|/sˠ/}} → {{IPA|/h/}}, {{IPA|/t/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| rowspan="2" | '''s''' lydan || {{IPA|/sˠ/}} || {{IPA|/s/}} → {{IPA|/h/}}, {{IPA|/t/}} || {{IPA|/s/}} → {{IPA|/h/}} || {{IPA|/sˠ/}} → {{IPA|/h/}}, {{IPA|/t/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || '''s''' → '''h''', '''t''' || '''s''' → '''sh''' || '''s''' → '''sh''', '''ts''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| ''Sillafiad'' || '''s''' → '''h''', '''t''' || '''s''' → '''sh''' || '''s''' → '''sh''', '''ts''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''ll''' || {{IPA|/ɬ//}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/ɬ//}} → {{IPA|/l/}}, {{IPA|/ɬ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| rowspan="2" | '''ll''' || {{IPA|/ɬ//}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/ɬ//}} → {{IPA|/l/}}, {{IPA|/ɬ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''ll''' → '''l''', '''ll''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| ''Sillafiad'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''ll''' → '''l''', '''ll''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''r''' meindwf || {{IPA|/rˠ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/rˠ/}} → {{IPA|/ɾʲ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| rowspan="2" | '''r''' fain || {{IPA|/rˠ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/rˠ/}} → {{IPA|/ɾʲ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''r''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| ''Sillafiad'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''r''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''r''' bras || {{IPA|/rˠ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;" | || {{IPA|/rˠ/}} → {{IPA|/ɾ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| rowspan="2" | '''r''' lydan || {{IPA|/rˠ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;" | || {{IPA|/rˠ/}} → {{IPA|/ɾ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''r''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| ''Sillafiad'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''r''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''rh''' ||{{IPA|/r̥/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/r̥/}} → {{IPA|/r/}}, {{IPA|/r̥/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| rowspan="2" | '''rh''' ||{{IPA|/r̥/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/r̥/}} → {{IPA|/r/}}, {{IPA|/r̥/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''rh''' → '''r''', '''rh''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| ''Sillafiad'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''rh''' → '''r''', '''rh''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''l''' meindwf || {{IPA|/lʲ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/ʎ/}} → {{IPA|/l/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| rowspan="2" | '''l''' fain || {{IPA|/lʲ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/ʎ/}} → {{IPA|/l/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''l''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| ''Sillafiad'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''l''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''l''' bras || {{IPA|/lˠ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;" | || {{IPA|/l̪ˠ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| rowspan="2" | '''l''' lydan || {{IPA|/lˠ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;" | || {{IPA|/l̪ˠ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''l''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| ''Sillafiad'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''l''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''n''' meindwf || {{IPA|/nʲ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/ɲ/}} → {{IPA|/ɲ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| rowspan="2" | '''n''' fain || {{IPA|/nʲ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/ɲ/}} → {{IPA|/ɲ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''n''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| ''Sillafiad'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''n''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''n''' bras || {{IPA|/nˠ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;" | || {{IPA|/n̪ˠ/}} → {{IPA|/n/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| rowspan="2" | '''n''' lydan || {{IPA|/nˠ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;" | || {{IPA|/n̪ˠ/}} → {{IPA|/n/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''n''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
| ''Sillafiad'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''n''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|}
|}


===Treigliad trwynol===
===Treigliad trwynol===
Ceir '''treiglad trywnol''' ar ôl [[rhagenw]], megis ''fy'', neu [[adroddiad]], megis ''yn''.


Dyma’r llythrennau sy’n treiglo’n drwynol:
Dyma’r llythrennau sy’n treiglo’n drwynol:
Llinell 319: Llinell 319:


===Treigliad llaes===
===Treigliad llaes===
Ceir '''treiglad llaes''' ar ôl [[rhagenw]] benywaidd, megis ''ei'', neu [[cysyllteiriau]], megis ''a''.


Dyma’r llythrennau sy’n treiglo’n llaes:
Dyma’r llythrennau sy’n treiglo’n llaes:

Fersiwn yn ôl 11:51, 5 Mawrth 2010

Newid mewn cytsain ar ddechrau gair yn ôl ei safle neu ei swyddogaeth yw treiglad. Mae treigladau'n nodweddiadol o'r ieithoedd Celtaidd, ond mae treigladau'n digwydd mewn sawl iaith arall fel Fula (iaith yng ngorllewin Affrica) a Nivkh (iaith o Siberia).

Treigladau yn Gymraeg

Mae gan y Gymraeg dri phrif dreiglad, y treiglad meddal, y treiglad trwynol a'r treiglad llaes. Yn Gymraeg mae treigladau'n achosi i frawddegau lifo’n rhwydd ac yn fwy esmwyth i’r glust.

Treiglad meddal

Treiglad mwyaf cyffredin y Gymraeg yw'r treiglad meddal.

Dyma’r llythrennau sy’n treiglo’n feddal:

  • B → F
  • C → G
  • D → Dd
  • G yn cael ei ddisgyn
  • Ll → L
  • M → F
  • P → B
  • Rh → R
  • T → D

Treigladau meddal yn yr ieithoedd Celtaidd

Mae'r tabl hwn yn dangos gweithrediadau treigladau meddal yn yr ieithoedd Celtaidd. Oherwydd bod gan bob iaith ei horgraff ei hun, mae'r treigladau wedi eu trefnu yn ôl eu seiniau. Mae hyn yn ei gwneud yn haws cymharu yr ieithoedd. Er enghraifft, mae çh Manaweg yn gyfartal â t (fain) yn yr ieithoedd Gaelaidd eraill.

Mae cell lwyd yn dangos bod dim treiglad meddal yn yr iaith honno am y llythyren honno.

Treigladau meddal yn yr ieithoedd Celtaidd
  Cytsain wreiddiol Cytsain wedi'i threiglo
Ffurf gysefin Sain (GSR) Manaweg Gaeleg yr Alban Gwyddeleg Cymraeg Cernyweg Llydaweg
p fain /pʲ/ /pʲ/ → /fʲ/
Sillafiad p → ph
p lydan /pˠ/ /pˠ/ → /fˠ/
Sillafiad p → ph
p /p/ /p/ → /f/ /pʰ/ → /f/ /p/ → /b/ /p/ → /b/ /p/ → /b/
Sillafiad p → ph p → ph p → b p → b p → b
t fain /tʲ/ /ʧ/ → /h/, /ʧ/ /tʲʰ/ → /h/, /hj/ /tʲ/ → /h/
Sillafiad çh → h, çh t → th t → th
t lydan /tˠ/ /tˠ/ → /h/, /t/ /t̪ʰ/ → /h/ /tˠ/ → /h/
Sillafiad t, th → h, t, th t → th t → h
t /t/ /t/ → /d/ /t/ → /d/ /t/ → /d/
Sillafiad t → d t → d t → d
ch
çh		 /ʧ/ gweler
t fain		 /ʧ/ → /ʤ/
Sillafiad ch → j
c fain
k fain		 /c/ /c/ → /ç/ /cʰ/ → /çʰ/ /c/ → /ç/
Sillafiad c, k → ch c → ch c → ch
c lydan
k lydan		 /k/ /k/ → /x/ /kʰ/, /xk/ → /x/ /k/ → /x/
Sillafiad c, k → ch c → ch c → ch
c /k/ /k/ → /g/ /k/ → /g/ /k/ → /g/
Sillafiad c → g k → g k → g
b fain /bʲ/ /b/ → /v/ /pj/, /jp/ → /vj/ /bʲ/ → /vʲ/
Sillafiad b → v b → bh b → bh
b lydan /bˠ/ /bw/, /b/ → /w/ /p/ → /v/ /bˠ/ → /w/
Sillafiad bw, b → w b → bh b → bh
b /b/ /b/ → /v/ /b/ → /v/ /b/ → /v/
Sillafiad b → f b → v b → v
d fain /dʲ/ /ʤ/ → /j/, /ʤ/ /tʲ/ → /j/ /dʲ/ → /ʝ/
Sillafiad j → y, j d → dh d → dh
d lydan /dˠ/ /dˠ/ → /ɣ/, /d/ /t̪/ → /ɣ/ /d̪ˠ/ → /ɣ/
Sillafiad d → gh, d d → dh d → dh
d /d/ /d/ → /ð/ /d/ → /ð/ /d/ → /z/
Sillafiad d → dd d → dh d → z
j /ʤ/ gweler
d fain
Sillafiad
g fain /gʲ/ /gʲ/ → /y/ /kʲ/ → /ʝ/ /ɟ/ → /j/
Sillafiad gi → yi, ghi g → gh g → gh
g lydan /gˠ/ /gˠ/ → /ɣ/ /kˠ/ → /ɣ/ /gˠ/ → /ɣ/
Sillafiad g → gh g → gh g → gh
g crwn /g/ /g/ → /w/
Sillafiad g → w
g anghrwn /g/ /g/ → veg
Sillafiad g → veg
g /g/ /g/ → veg /g/ → /x/
Sillafiad g → veg g → c'h
gw /gw/ /gw/ → /w/ /gw/ → /w/ /gʷ/ → /w/
Sillafiad gw → w gw → w gw → w
m fain /mʲ/ /m/ → /v/ /mj/ → /vj/ /bʲ/ → /vʲ/
Sillafiad m → v m → mh m → mh
m lydan /mˠ/ /mw/, /m/ → /w/ /m/ → /v/ /mˠ/ → /w/
Sillafiad mw, m → w m → mh m → mh
m /m/ /m/ → /v/ /m/ → /v/ /m/ → /v/
Sillafiad m → f m → v m → v
f fain /fʲ/ /f/ → veg, /f/ /f/, /fj/ → veg /fʲ/ → veg
Sillafiad f → veg, f f → fh f → fh
f lydan /fˠ/ /fw/ → /w/, /fw/ /f/ → veg /fˠ/ → veg
Sillafiad fw → w, fw f → fh f → fh
s fain /sʲ/ /ʃ/ → /h/, /ʧ/, /ʃ/ /ʃ/ → /h/, /hj/ /ʃ/ → /h/, /t/
Sillafiad sh → h, çh, sh s → sh s → sh, ts
s lydan /sˠ/ /s/ → /h/, /t/ /s/ → /h/ /sˠ/ → /h/, /t/
Sillafiad s → h, t s → sh s → sh, ts
ll /ɬ// /ɬ// → /l/, /ɬ/
Sillafiad ll → l, ll
r fain /rˠ/ /rˠ/ → /ɾʲ/
Sillafiad r
r lydan /rˠ/ /rˠ/ → /ɾ/
Sillafiad r
rh /r̥/ /r̥/ → /r/, /r̥/
Sillafiad rh → r, rh
l fain /lʲ/ /ʎ/ → /l/
Sillafiad l
l lydan /lˠ/ /l̪ˠ/
Sillafiad l
n fain /nʲ/ /ɲ/ → /ɲ/
Sillafiad n
n lydan /nˠ/ /n̪ˠ/ → /n/
Sillafiad n

Treigliad trwynol

Dyma’r llythrennau sy’n treiglo’n drwynol:

  • B → M
  • C → Ngh
  • D → N
  • G → Ng
  • P → Mh
  • T → Nh

Treigladau trwynol yn yr ieithoedd Celtaidd

Mae'r daflen yma yn dangos gweithrediadau treigladau trwynol yn yr ieithoedd Celtaidd. Oherwydd bod llythyraeth unigol gan bob iaith, cafodd gyd-enwau eu rhoi arnynt am eu trefnu. Mae hyn yn ei gwneud yn hawddach cymharu yr ieithoedd. Er enghraifft, mae çh Manaweg yn hafal â t (meindwf) yn yr ieithoedd Gaelaidd eraill.

Mae'r gell lwyd yn dangos bod dim treiglad trwynol yn yr iaith honno am y llythyren honno.


Treigladau llaes yn yr ieithoedd Celtaidd
  Cytsain wreiddiol Cytsain wedi'i threiglo
Ffurf gysefin Sŵn (GSR) Manaweg Gaeleg yr Alban Gwyddeleg Cymraeg Cernyweg Llydaweg
p meindwf /pʲ/ /pʲ/ → /bʲ/
Llythyraeth p → bp
p bras /pˠ/ /pˠ/ → /bˠ/
Llythyraeth p → bp
p /p/ /p/ → /b/ /p/ → /m̥/
Llythyraeth p → b p → mh
t meindwf /tʲ/ /ʧ/ → /j/ /tʲ/ → /dʲ/
Llythyraeth çh → j t → dt
t bras /tˠ/ /tˠ/ → /dˠ/ /tˠ/ → /dˠ/
Llythyraeth t, th → d t → dt
t /t/ /t/ → /n̥/
Llythyraeth t → nh
ch
çh		 /ʧ/ edrychwch ar
t meindwf
Llythyraeth
c meindwf
k meindwf		 /c/ /c/ → /ɟ/ /c/ → /ɟ/
Llythyraeth c, k → g c → gc
c bras
k bras		 /k/ /k/ → /ŋ̊/ /k/ → /g/
Llythyraeth c, k → g c → gc
c /k/ /k/ → /ŋ̊/
Llythyraeth c → ngh
b meindwf /bʲ/ /b/ → /m/ /bʲ/ → /mʲ/
Llythyraeth b → m b → mb
b bras /bˠ/ /b/ → /m/ /bˠ/ → /mˠ/
Llythyraeth b → m b → mb
b /b/ /b/ → /m/
Llythyraeth b → m
d meindwf /dʲ/ /ʤ/ → /nj/ /dʲ/ → /nʲ/
Llythyraeth j → ny d → nd
d bras /dˠ/ /dˠ/ → /nˠ/, /d/ /d̪ˠ/ → /n̪ˠ/
Llythyraeth d → n d → nd
d /d/ /d/ → /n/
Llythyraeth d → n
j /ʤ/ edrychwch ar
d meindwf
Llythyraeth
g meindwf /gʲ/ /gʲ/ → /ŋ/ /ɟ/ → /ɲ/
Llythyraeth g → ng g → ng
g bras /gˠ/ /gˠ/ → /ŋˠ/ /g/ → /ŋ/
Llythyraeth g → ng g → ng
g /g/ /g/ → /ŋ/
Llythyraeth g → ng
f meindwf /fʲ/ /f/ → /v/ /fʲ/ → /vʲ/
Llythyraeth f → v f → bhf
f bras /fˠ/ /fw/ → /hw/, /w/ /fʲˠ/ → /w/
Llythyraeth fw → w f → bhf

Treigliad llaes

Dyma’r llythrennau sy’n treiglo’n llaes:

  • C → Ch
  • P → Ph
  • T → Th

Gyda'r treiglad llaes, rhoddwyd "h" cyn lafariaid hefyd.

Treigladau llaes yn yr ieithoedd Celtaidd

Mae'r daflen yma yn dangos gweithrediadau treigladau llaes yn yr ieithoedd Celtaidd. Oherwydd bod llythyraeth unigol gan bob iaith, cafodd gyd-enwau eu rhoi arnynt am eu trefnu. Mae hyn yn ei gwneud yn hawddach cymharu yr ieithoedd. Er enghraifft, mae çh Manaweg yn hafal â t (meindwf) yn yr ieithoedd Gaelaidd eraill.

Mae'r gell lwyd yn dangos bod dim treiglad llaes yn yr iaith honno am y llythyren honno.

Treigladau llaes yn yr ieithoedd Celtaidd
  Cytsain wreiddiol Cytsain wedi'i threiglo
Ffurf gysefin Sŵn (GSR) Manaweg Gaeleg yr Alban Gwyddeleg Cymraeg Cernyweg Llydaweg
p /p/ /p/ → /f/ /p/ → /f/ /p/ → /f/
Llythyraeth p → ph p → f p → f
t /t/ /t/ → /θ/ /t/ → /θ/ /t/ → /z/
Llythyraeth t → th t → th t → z
c
k		 /k/ /k/ → /x/ /k/ → /h/ /k/ → /x/
Llythyraeth c → ch k → h k → c'h
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