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Weithiau, fe ddefnyddir y term gwrthfiotig (a olygir "gwrth-fywyd") i gyfeirio at unrhyw sylwedd sy'n ymladd microbau,<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=antibiotic | title = American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language |edition=5th |year=2011 |quote = A substance, such as penicillin or erythromycin, produced by or derived from certain microorganisms, including fungi and bacteria, that can destroy or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms, especially bacteria. Antibiotics are widely used in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. }}</ref> sy'n gyfystyr â gwrthfeicrobaidd.<ref>{{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=aW0zkZl0JgQC&lpg=PA108&ots=CDvWf9vQop&dq=antibiotic&pg=PA108#v=onepage&q=antibiotic&f=false| title=Mosby's Medical Dictionary |edition=9th | publisher=Elsevier | year=2013|quote = 1. pertaining to the ability to destroy or interfere with the development of a living organism. 2. an antimicrobial agent, derived from cultures of a microorganism or produced semi-synthetically, used to treat infections}}</ref> Ceir rhai ffynonellau'n gwahaniaethu rhwng sylweddau gwrthfacterol a gwrthfiotig; defnyddir gwrthfacteroliaid mewn [[sebon]] a diheintyddion; [[meddyginiaeth]] yw gwrthfiotig.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.tufts.edu/med/apua/about_issue/agents.shtml#1 | title=General Background: Antibiotic Agents | work=Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics | accessdate=21 December 2014}}</ref>
Weithiau, fe ddefnyddir y term gwrthfiotig (a olygir "gwrth-fywyd") i gyfeirio at unrhyw sylwedd sy'n ymladd microbau,<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=antibiotic | title = American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language |edition=5th |year=2011 |quote = A substance, such as penicillin or erythromycin, produced by or derived from certain microorganisms, including fungi and bacteria, that can destroy or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms, especially bacteria. Antibiotics are widely used in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. }}</ref> sy'n gyfystyr â gwrthfeicrobaidd.<ref>{{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=aW0zkZl0JgQC&lpg=PA108&ots=CDvWf9vQop&dq=antibiotic&pg=PA108#v=onepage&q=antibiotic&f=false| title=Mosby's Medical Dictionary |edition=9th | publisher=Elsevier | year=2013|quote = 1. pertaining to the ability to destroy or interfere with the development of a living organism. 2. an antimicrobial agent, derived from cultures of a microorganism or produced semi-synthetically, used to treat infections}}</ref> Ceir rhai ffynonellau'n gwahaniaethu rhwng sylweddau gwrthfacterol a gwrthfiotig; defnyddir gwrthfacteroliaid mewn [[sebon]] a diheintyddion; [[meddyginiaeth]] yw gwrthfiotig.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.tufts.edu/med/apua/about_issue/agents.shtml#1 | title=General Background: Antibiotic Agents | work=Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics | accessdate=21 December 2014}}</ref>


Fe wnaeth gwrthfiotigau chwyldroi'r maes meddygaeth yn yr [[20fed ganrif]].<ref>{{Cite book|title = Antibiotics: Targets, Mechanisms and Resistance|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=3SZrAAAAQBAJ|publisher = John Wiley & Sons|date = 4 December 2013|isbn = 9783527333059|first = Claudio O.|last = Gualerzi|first2 = Letizia|last2 = Brandi|first3 = Attilio|last3 = Fabbretti|first4 = Cynthia L.|last4 = Pon|pages = 1}}</ref> Fodd bynnag, mae eu heffeithiolrwydd a'u hargaeledd cyson wedi arwain at eu gorddefnydd,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-06-10/superbug-fears-over-antibiotic-use-in-australian-nursing-homes/7497664|title=Antibiotics being incorrectly prescribed in Australian nursing homes, prompting superbug fears|work=[[ABC (Australia)|ABC Australia]]|date=10 June 2016|accessdate=12 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cctv-america.com/2016/05/19/uk-study-warns-of-threat-of-antibiotics-overuse-lack-of-new-drugs|title=UK study warns of threat of antibiotics overuse, lack of new drugs|work=CCTV America|date=19 May 2016|accessdate=12 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/superbugs-could-kill-more-people-than-cancer-report-warns/|title=Superbugs could kill more people than cancer, report warns|publisher=CBS News|date=19 May 2016|accessdate=12 June 2016}}</ref> ffaith sydd wedi datblygu galluoedd ymwrthodol bacteria.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Brooks|first1=Megan|title=Public Confused About Antibiotic Resistance, WHO Says|url=http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/854564|website=Medscape Multispeciality|accessdate=21 November 2015|date=16 November 2015}}</ref> Y mae'r gallu hwnnw wedi arwain at broblemau eang. Datganodd [[Cyfundrefn Iechyd y Byd|Sefydliad Iechyd y Byd]] bod ymwrthedd gwrthficrobaidd yn "fygythiad difrifol, nad sydd bellach yn broffwydoliaeth ar gyfer y dyfodol, y mae'n digwydd, ym mhob rhanbarth o'r byd ac â'r potensial i effeithio unrhyw un, o unrhyw oed, mewn unrhyw wlad".<ref name=WHO2014>{{cite web | url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/112642/1/9789241564748_eng.pdf?ua=1 | title=Antimicrobial resistance: global report on surveillance | publisher=The World Health Organization | date= April 2014 | accessdate=13 June 2016 |isbn=978 92 4 156474 8 }}</ref>
Fe wnaeth gwrthfiotigau chwyldroi'r maes meddygaeth yn yr [[20fed ganrif]].<ref>{{Cite book|title = Antibiotics: Targets, Mechanisms and Resistance|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=3SZrAAAAQBAJ|publisher = John Wiley & Sons|date = 4 December 2013|isbn = 9783527333059|first = Claudio O.|last = Gualerzi|first2 = Letizia|last2 = Brandi|first3 = Attilio|last3 = Fabbretti|first4 = Cynthia L.|last4 = Pon|pages = 1}}</ref> Fodd bynnag, mae eu heffeithiolrwydd a'u hargaeledd cyson wedi arwain at eu gorddefnydd,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-06-10/superbug-fears-over-antibiotic-use-in-australian-nursing-homes/7497664|title=Antibiotics being incorrectly prescribed in Australian nursing homes, prompting superbug fears|work=[[ABC (Australia)|ABC Australia]]|date=10 June 2016|accessdate=12 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cctv-america.com/2016/05/19/uk-study-warns-of-threat-of-antibiotics-overuse-lack-of-new-drugs|title=UK study warns of threat of antibiotics overuse, lack of new drugs|work=CCTV America|date=19 May 2016|accessdate=12 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/superbugs-could-kill-more-people-than-cancer-report-warns/|title=Superbugs could kill more people than cancer, report warns|publisher=CBS News|date=19 May 2016|accessdate=12 June 2016}}</ref> ffaith sydd wedi datblygu galluoedd ymwrthodol bacteria.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Brooks|first1=Megan|title=Public Confused About Antibiotic Resistance, WHO Says|url=http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/854564|website=Medscape Multispeciality|accessdate=21 November 2015|date=16 November 2015}}</ref> Mae'r gallu hwnnw wedi arwain at broblemau eang. Datganodd [[Cyfundrefn Iechyd y Byd|Sefydliad Iechyd y Byd]] bod ymwrthedd gwrthficrobaidd yn "fygythiad difrifol, nad sydd bellach yn broffwydoliaeth ar gyfer y dyfodol, y mae'n digwydd, ym mhob rhanbarth o'r byd ac â'r potensial i effeithio unrhyw un, o unrhyw oed, mewn unrhyw wlad".<ref name=WHO2014>{{cite web | url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/112642/1/9789241564748_eng.pdf?ua=1 | title=Antimicrobial resistance: global report on surveillance | publisher=The World Health Organization | date= April 2014 | accessdate=13 June 2016 |isbn=978 92 4 156474 8 }}</ref>


== Cyfeiriadau ==
== Cyfeiriadau ==

Fersiwn yn ôl 12:21, 22 Gorffennaf 2018

Gwrthfiotig
Enghraifft o'r canlynoldosbarth o endidau cemegol gyda chymwysiadau neu swyddogaethau tebyg, meddyginiaeth Edit this on Wikidata
Mathmeddyginiaeth, anti-infective agent, cyffur gwrthficrobaidd, bacterleiddiad Edit this on Wikidata
Tudalen Comin Ffeiliau perthnasol ar Gomin Wicimedia

Math o gyffur gwrthficrobaidd yw gwrthfiotigau, bathwyd y term o'r hen Roeg αντιβιοτικά, neu antibiotiká.[1] Cyfeirir atynt weithiau fel gwrthfacteroliaid ac fe'i defnyddir i drin ac atal heintiau bacteriol.[2][3] Maent yn lladd neu'n atal tyfiant bacteria. Medda nifer gyfyngedig o wrthfiotigau ar alluoedd gwrth-protosoaidd.[4] Nid yw gwrthfiotigau yn effeithiol wrth drin firysau megis yr annwyd cyffredin neu'r ffliw; yn hytrach, fe elwir cyffuriau sy'n atal firysau yn gyffuriau gwrthfirysol neu wrthfeirysau.

Weithiau, fe ddefnyddir y term gwrthfiotig (a olygir "gwrth-fywyd") i gyfeirio at unrhyw sylwedd sy'n ymladd microbau,[5] sy'n gyfystyr â gwrthfeicrobaidd.[6] Ceir rhai ffynonellau'n gwahaniaethu rhwng sylweddau gwrthfacterol a gwrthfiotig; defnyddir gwrthfacteroliaid mewn sebon a diheintyddion; meddyginiaeth yw gwrthfiotig.[7]

Fe wnaeth gwrthfiotigau chwyldroi'r maes meddygaeth yn yr 20fed ganrif.[8] Fodd bynnag, mae eu heffeithiolrwydd a'u hargaeledd cyson wedi arwain at eu gorddefnydd,[9][10][11] ffaith sydd wedi datblygu galluoedd ymwrthodol bacteria.[12] Mae'r gallu hwnnw wedi arwain at broblemau eang. Datganodd Sefydliad Iechyd y Byd bod ymwrthedd gwrthficrobaidd yn "fygythiad difrifol, nad sydd bellach yn broffwydoliaeth ar gyfer y dyfodol, y mae'n digwydd, ym mhob rhanbarth o'r byd ac â'r potensial i effeithio unrhyw un, o unrhyw oed, mewn unrhyw wlad".[13]

Cyfeiriadau

  1. ↑ "Utilizing antibiotics agents effectively will preserve present day medication". News Ghana. 21 November 2015. Cyrchwyd 21 November 2015.
  2. ↑ "Antibiotics". NHS. 5 June 2014. Cyrchwyd 17 January 2015.
  3. ↑ "Factsheet for experts". European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Cyrchwyd 21 December 2014.
  4. ↑ Chemical Analysis of Antibiotic Residues in Food (PDF). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2012. tt. 1–60. ISBN 9781449614591.
  5. ↑ "American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language" (arg. 5th). 2011. A substance, such as penicillin or erythromycin, produced by or derived from certain microorganisms, including fungi and bacteria, that can destroy or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms, especially bacteria. Antibiotics are widely used in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.
  6. ↑ Mosby's Medical Dictionary (arg. 9th). Elsevier. 2013. 1. pertaining to the ability to destroy or interfere with the development of a living organism. 2. an antimicrobial agent, derived from cultures of a microorganism or produced semi-synthetically, used to treat infections
  7. ↑ "General Background: Antibiotic Agents". Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics. Cyrchwyd 21 December 2014.
  8. ↑ Gualerzi, Claudio O.; Brandi, Letizia; Fabbretti, Attilio; Pon, Cynthia L. (4 December 2013). Antibiotics: Targets, Mechanisms and Resistance. John Wiley & Sons. t. 1. ISBN 9783527333059.
  9. ↑ "Antibiotics being incorrectly prescribed in Australian nursing homes, prompting superbug fears". ABC Australia. 10 June 2016. Cyrchwyd 12 June 2016.
  10. ↑ "UK study warns of threat of antibiotics overuse, lack of new drugs". CCTV America. 19 May 2016. Cyrchwyd 12 June 2016.
  11. ↑ "Superbugs could kill more people than cancer, report warns". CBS News. 19 May 2016. Cyrchwyd 12 June 2016.
  12. ↑ Brooks, Megan (16 November 2015). "Public Confused About Antibiotic Resistance, WHO Says". Medscape Multispeciality. Cyrchwyd 21 November 2015.
  13. ↑ "Antimicrobial resistance: global report on surveillance" (PDF). The World Health Organization. April 2014. ISBN 978 92 4 156474 8. Cyrchwyd 13 June 2016.
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