Brit Shalom

Grŵp o ddeallusion Seionaidd Iddewig ym Mhalesteina dan Fandad, a sefydlwyd ym 1925 oedd Brit Shalom (Hebraeg: ברית שלום, llyth. "cyfamod hedd"; Arabeg: تحالف السلام‎, Tahalof Essalam ; hefyd Cynghrair Heddwch Iddewig-Palesteinaidd).^[1] ^[2]

Hanes

Cydfodolaeth heddychlon rhwng Arabiaid ac Iddewon ym Mhalesteina oedd nod Brit Shalom. Eu bwriad oedd creu canolfan ar gyfer bywyd diwylliannol Iddewig ym Mhalesteina, gan adleisio syniadau cynharach Ahad Ha'am. Ar y pryd, roedd Brit Shalom yn cefnogi sefydlu gwladwriaeth ddwygenhedlol lle byddai gan Iddewon ac Arabiaid hawliau cyfartal.

Ymhlith cefnogwyr a sylfaenwyr Brit Shalom roedd yr economegydd a chymdeithasegydd Arthur Ruppin, yr athronydd Martin Buber, Hugo Bergmann, yr hanesydd Hans Kohn, Gershom Scholem, Henrietta Szold ac Israel Jacob Kligler . Lleisiodd Albert Einstein gefnogaeth hefyd. Nid ymunodd Judah Leon Magnes, un o awduron y rhaglen a Changhellor a Llywydd cyntaf Prifysgol Hebreig Jerwsalem, â'r sefydliad erioed.^[3] ^[4]

Mae llythyr oddi wrth Arthur Ruppin at Hans Kohn ym mis Mai 1930 yn nodi:

“

In the foundations of Brith Shalom one of the determining factors was that the Zionist aim has no equal example in history. The aim is to bring the Jews as second nation into a country which already is settled as a nation - and fulfill this through peaceful means. History has seen such penetration by one nation into a strange land only by conquest, but it has never occurred that a nation will freely agree that another nation should come and demand full equality of rights and national autonomy at its side. The uniqueness of this case prevents its being, in my opinion, dealt with in conventional political-legal terms. It requires special contemplation and study. Brith Shalom should be the forum in which the problem is discussed and investigated.^[5]

”

Roedd gan Ruppin swydd uwch o fewn yr Asiantaeth Iddewig fel Cyfarwyddwr Cwmni Datblygu Tir Palesteina. Chwalodd y grŵp erbyn dechrau'r 1930au.^[6]

Ym 1942, ffurfiodd Magnes a chefnogwyr Brit Shalom y blaid wleidyddol Ihud a oedd hefyd yn hyrwyddo dwygenedlaetholdeb.

Gweler hefyd

Prosiectau heddwch Arabaidd-Israel
Proses heddwch yn y gwrthdaro rhwng Israel a Phalesteina
Gwrthdaro sectyddol ym Mhalestina dan Fandad
Seioniaeth Ddiwylliannol
Datrysiad un wladwriaeth

Cyfeiriadau

↑ "Brit Shalom: A Covenant of Peace".
↑ "Brit Shalom - הארכיון הציוני".
↑ Bentwich, Norman (1954) For Zion's Sake. A Biography of Judah L. Magnes. First Chancellor and First President of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The Jewish Publication Society of America, Philadelphia. Library of Congress Number: 54 7440. Page 185.
↑ Walter Laqueur (2003) A History of Zionism Tauris Parke Paperbacks, ISBN 1-86064-932-7 p 251
↑ quoted in Simha Flapan (1979) Zionism and the Palestinians, Croom Helm ISBN 0-06-492104-2, p 168-9
↑ Flapan p 173

Dolenni allanol

Gwefan swyddogol Brit Shalom / Tahalof Essalam

[1] "Brit Shalom: A Covenant of Peace".

[2] "Brit Shalom - הארכיון הציוני".

[3] Bentwich, Norman (1954) For Zion's Sake. A Biography of Judah L. Magnes. First Chancellor and First President of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The Jewish Publication Society of America, Philadelphia. Library of Congress Number: 54 7440. Page 185.

[4] Walter Laqueur (2003) A History of Zionism Tauris Parke Paperbacks, ISBN 1-86064-932-7 p 251

[5] quoted in Simha Flapan (1979) Zionism and the Palestinians, Croom Helm ISBN 0-06-492104-2, p 168-9

[6] Flapan p 173

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