Tafodiaith

Amrywiad o iaith sydd yn nodweddiadol o grŵp penodol o siaradwyr yw tafodiaith. Gwelir tafodieithoedd gwahanol mewn rhanbarthau daearyddol gwahanol, ond gall hefyd gweld gwahaniaethau rhwng y ffordd siarader iaith o ganlyniad i ffactorau eraill, e.e. dosbarth cymdeithasol. Weithiau caiff tafodiaith ei chymysgu ag acen; cyfeirir acen at ynganiad nodweddiadol yn unig, tra bo tafodiaith yn cynnwys gramadeg a geirfa llafar hefyd. Gelwir astudiaeth tafodieithoedd yn dafodieitheg.

Enghreifftiau Cymreig

Tafodiaith Penrhyn Gwyr[1]

Angletouch: a worm
Back: iron plate, part of a dredge
Bossey: a calf still running with its mother
Carthen: winnowing sheet
Bumbagus: the bittern (cf Welsh aderyn y bwn)
Cassaddle: harness piece for a draught horse
Charnel: box-like space above the fireplace, often used for hanging bacon
Cloam: earthenware
Cratch: haystack
Culm: small coal used in lime-burning
Deal: a litter (of pigs)
Drashel: a flail
Dumbledarry: cockchafer
Evil: a three pronged dung-fork
Galeeny: guinea-fowl
Gambo: a cart, wagon
Glaster: buttermilk in the churn [glasdwr?]
Gurgins: coarse flour
Hambrack: a straw horse-collar (cf rach)
Holmes: holly
Ipson: the quantity that can be held in a pair of cupped hands
Jalap: liniment; laxative tonic
Kerning: ripening; turning sour
Kersey: cloth woven from fine wool
Kittlebegs: gaiters
Kyling: sea fishing
Lake: small stream or brook
Lansher: greensward between holdings in a common field or viel
Mapsant: local saint’s feast day celebrations
Mawn: arge wicker basket for animal feed
Mort: pigfat; lard
Mucka: a rickyard
Nestletrip: smallest pig in a litter
Oakwib: cockchafer
Owlers: wool smugglers
Pill: stream
Pilmy: dusty
Rach: the last sheaf of corn to be harvested
Reremouse: the bat (animal)
Riff: short wooden stick for sharpening a scythe
Rying: fishing
Shoat: a small wheaten loaf
Slade: land sloping towards the sea
Soul: cheese or butter, as eaten with bread
Spleet: 1) a knitting needle, 2) a quarryman’s bar
Vair: a stoat or weasel
Viel/Vile: a field, still used to describe the common field at Rhossili
Want: a mole
Wimbling: winnowing
Witches: moths
Zig: urine
Zive: scythe
Zongals: corn gleanings
Zul/sul: a plough

Ffynonellau

• Crystal, D. 2005. How Language Works Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-051538-0

Chwiliwch am tafodiaith
yn Wiciadur.