Treiglad: Gwahaniaeth rhwng fersiynau

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Glanhawr (sgwrs | cyfraniadau)
2,093 golygiad
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Taflen treigladau meddal
Llinell 18: Llinell 18:
*Rh → R
*Rh → R
*T → D
*T → D

===Treigladau meddal yn yr ieithoedd Celtaidd ===

Mae'r taflen yma yn dangos gweithrediadau treigladau meddal yn yr ieithoedd Celtaidd. O achos bod llythyraeth unigol gan bob iaith, rhowyd cyd-enwau arnon am ei trefnu nhw. Mae hyn yn i'gwneud hi'n hawddach cymharu yr ieithoedd. Ar enghraifft, mae '''çh''' Manaweg cyfwerth â '''t meindwf''' yn yr ieithoedd Gaeleg eraill.

Mae cell lwyd arddangos nad oes treiglad meddal effeithio'r llythyren hon yn yr ieith hon.

:{| class="wikitable" cellspacing="7" style="text-align: center;"
|+'''Treigladau meddal yn yr ieithoedd Celtaidd '''
|-
!  
! style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" width = "100" | Cytseinol wreiddiol
! colspan = "6" style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" width = "100" | Cytseiniol wedi'i treiglo
|-
! style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" width = "100" | Enw
! style="background-color:#FFE4C4;" width = "100" | Swn ([[Gwyddor Seinegol Ryngwladol|GSR]])
! style="background-color:#FFE4C4;" width = "100" | [[Manaweg]]
! style="background-color:#FFE4C4;" width = "100" | [[Gaeleg yr Alban]]
! style="background-color:#FFE4C4;" width = "100" | [[Gwyddeleg]]
! style="background-color:#FFE4C4;" width = "100" | [[Cymraeg]]
! style="background-color:#FFE4C4;" width = "100" | [[Cernyweg]]
! style="background-color:#FFE4C4;" width = "100" | [[Llydaweg]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''p''' meindwf || {{IPA|/pʲ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;" | || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/pʲ/}} → {{IPA|/fʲ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;" |
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''p''' → '''ph'''|| style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''p''' bras || {{IPA|/pˠ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/pˠ/}} → {{IPA|/fˠ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''p''' → '''ph'''|| style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''p''' || {{IPA|/p/}} || {{IPA|/p/}} → {{IPA|/f/}} || {{IPA|/pʰ/}} → {{IPA|/f/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/p/}} → {{IPA|/b/}} || {{IPA|/p/}} → {{IPA|/b/}} || {{IPA|/p/}} → {{IPA|/b/}}
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || '''p''' → '''ph'''|| '''p''' → '''ph'''|| style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''p''' → '''b'''|| '''p''' → '''b'''|| '''p''' → '''b'''
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''t''' meindwf || {{IPA|/tʲ/}} || {{IPA|/ʧ/}} → {{IPA|/h/}}, {{IPA|/ʧ/}} || {{IPA|/tʲʰ/}} → {{IPA|/h/}}, {{IPA|/hj/}} || {{IPA|/tʲ/}} → {{IPA|/h/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || '''çh''' → '''h''', '''çh''' || '''t''' → '''th'''|| '''t''' → '''th'''|| style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''t''' bras || {{IPA|/tˠ/}} || {{IPA|/tˠ/}} → {{IPA|/h/}}, {{IPA|/t/}} || {{IPA|/t̪ʰ/}} → {{IPA|/h/}} || {{IPA|/tˠ/}} → {{IPA|/h/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || '''t''', '''th''' → '''h''', '''t''', '''th''' || '''t''' → '''th''' || '''t''' → '''h''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''t''' || {{IPA|/t/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/t/}} → {{IPA|/d/}} || {{IPA|/t/}} → {{IPA|/d/}} || {{IPA|/t/}} → {{IPA|/d/}}
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''t''' → '''d'''|| '''t''' → '''d'''|| '''t''' → '''d'''
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''ch'''<br>'''çh''' || {{IPA|/ʧ/}} || rowspan = "2" style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| ''edrychwch ar <br> '''t meindwf''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/ʧ/}} → {{IPA|/ʤ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''ch''' → '''j''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''c''' meindwf <br> '''k''' meindwf || {{IPA|/c/}} || {{IPA|/c/}} → {{IPA|/ç/}} || {{IPA|/cʰ/}} → {{IPA|/çʰ/}} || {{IPA|/c/}} → {{IPA|/ç/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || '''c''', '''k''' → '''ch''' || '''c''' → '''ch''' || '''c''' → '''ch''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''c''' bras <br> '''k''' bras || {{IPA|/k/}} || {{IPA|/k/}} → {{IPA|/x/}} || {{IPA|/kʰ/}}, {{IPA|/xk/}} → {{IPA|/x/}} || {{IPA|/k/}} → {{IPA|/x/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || '''c''', '''k''' → '''ch''' || '''c''' → '''ch''' || '''c''' → '''ch''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''c''' || {{IPA|/k/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/k/}} → {{IPA|/g/}} || {{IPA|/k/}} → {{IPA|/g/}} || {{IPA|/k/}} → {{IPA|/g/}}
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''c''' → '''g''' || '''k''' → '''g''' || '''k''' → '''g'''
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''b''' meindwf || {{IPA|/bʲ/}} || {{IPA|/b/}} → {{IPA|/v/}} || {{IPA|/pj/}}, {{IPA|/jp/}} → {{IPA|/vj/}} || {{IPA|/bʲ/}} → {{IPA|/vʲ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || '''b''' → '''v''' || '''b''' → '''bh'''|| '''b''' → '''bh'''|| style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''b''' bras || {{IPA|/bˠ/}} || {{IPA|/bw/}}, {{IPA|/b/}} → {{IPA|/w/}} || {{IPA|/p/}} → {{IPA|/v/}} || {{IPA|/bˠ/}} → {{IPA|/w/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || '''bw''', '''b''' → '''w''' || '''b''' → '''bh''' || '''b''' → '''bh''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''b''' || {{IPA|/b/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/b/}} → {{IPA|/v/}} || {{IPA|/b/}} → {{IPA|/v/}} || {{IPA|/b/}} → {{IPA|/v/}}
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''b''' → '''f'''|| '''b''' → '''v'''|| '''b''' → '''v'''
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''d''' meindwf || {{IPA|/dʲ/}} || {{IPA|/ʤ/}} → {{IPA|/j/}}, {{IPA|/ʤ/}} || {{IPA|/tʲ/}} → {{IPA|/j/}} || {{IPA|/dʲ/}} → {{IPA|/ʝ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || '''j''' → '''y''', '''j''' || '''d''' → '''dh'''|| '''d''' → '''dh'''|| style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''d''' bras || {{IPA|/dˠ/}} || {{IPA|/dˠ/}} → {{IPA|/ɣ/}}, {{IPA|/d/}} || {{IPA|/t̪/}} → {{IPA|/ɣ/}} || {{IPA|/d̪ˠ/}} → {{IPA|/ɣ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || '''d''' → '''gh''', '''d''' || '''d''' → '''dh''' || '''d''' → '''dh''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''d''' || {{IPA|/d/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/d/}} → {{IPA|/ð/}} || {{IPA|/d/}} → {{IPA|/ð/}} || {{IPA|/d/}} → {{IPA|/z/}}
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''d''' → '''dd'''|| '''d''' → '''dh'''|| '''d''' → '''z'''
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''j''' || {{IPA|/ʤ/}} || rowspan = "2" style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| ''edrychwch ar <br> '''d meindwf''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''g''' meindwf || {{IPA|/gʲ/}} || {{IPA|/gʲ/}} → {{IPA|/y/}} || {{IPA|/kʲ/}} → {{IPA|/ʝ/}} || {{IPA|/ɟ/}} → {{IPA|/j/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || '''gi''' → '''yi''', '''ghi''' || '''g''' → '''gh''' || '''g''' → '''gh''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''g''' bras || {{IPA|/gˠ/}} || {{IPA|/gˠ/}} → {{IPA|/ɣ/}} || {{IPA|/kˠ/}} → {{IPA|/ɣ/}} || {{IPA|/gˠ/}} → {{IPA|/ɣ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || '''g''' → '''gh''' || '''g''' → '''gh''' || '''g''' → '''gh''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''g''' crwn || {{IPA|/g/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/g/}} → {{IPA|/w/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''g''' → '''w''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''g''' anghrwn || {{IPA|/g/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/g/}} → ''veg'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''g''' → ''veg'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''g''' || {{IPA|/g/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/g/}} → ''veg'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/g/}} → {{IPA|/x/}}
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''g''' → ''veg'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''g''' → '''c'h'''
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''gw''' || {{IPA|/gw/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/gw/}} → {{IPA|/w/}} || {{IPA|/gw/}} → {{IPA|/w/}} || {{IPA|/gʷ/}} → {{IPA|/w/}}
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''gw''' → '''w''' || '''gw''' → '''w''' || '''gw''' → '''w'''
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''m''' meindwf || {{IPA|/mʲ/}} || {{IPA|/m/}} → {{IPA|/v/}} || {{IPA|/mj/}} → {{IPA|/vj/}} || {{IPA|/bʲ/}} → {{IPA|/vʲ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || '''m''' → '''v''' || '''m''' → '''mh'''|| '''m''' → '''mh'''|| style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''m''' bras || {{IPA|/mˠ/}} || {{IPA|/mw/}}, {{IPA|/m/}} → {{IPA|/w/}} || {{IPA|/m/}} → {{IPA|/v/}} || {{IPA|/mˠ/}} → {{IPA|/w/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || '''mw''', '''m''' → '''w''' || '''m''' → '''mh''' || '''m''' → '''mh''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''m''' || {{IPA|/m/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/m/}} → {{IPA|/v/}} || {{IPA|/m/}} → {{IPA|/v/}} || {{IPA|/m/}} → {{IPA|/v/}}
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''m''' → '''f''' || '''m''' → '''v''' || '''m''' → '''v'''
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''f''' meindwf || {{IPA|/fʲ/}} || {{IPA|/f/}} → ''veg'', {{IPA|/f/}} || {{IPA|/f/}}, {{IPA|/fj/}} → ''veg'' || {{IPA|/fʲ/}} → ''veg'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || '''f''' → ''veg'', '''f''' || '''f''' → '''fh''' || '''f''' → '''fh''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''f''' bras || {{IPA|/fˠ/}} || {{IPA|/fw/}} → {{IPA|/w/}}, {{IPA|/fw/}} || {{IPA|/f/}} → ''veg'' || {{IPA|/fˠ/}} → ''veg'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || '''fw''' → '''w''', '''fw''' || '''f''' → '''fh''' || '''f''' → '''fh''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''s''' meindwf || {{IPA|/sʲ/}} || {{IPA|/ʃ/}} → {{IPA|/h/}}, {{IPA|/ʧ/}}, {{IPA|/ʃ/}} || {{IPA|/ʃ/}} → {{IPA|/h/}}, {{IPA|/hj/}} || {{IPA|/ʃ/}} → {{IPA|/h/}}, {{IPA|/t/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || '''sh''' → '''h''', '''çh''', '''sh''' || '''s''' → '''sh''' || '''s''' → '''sh''', '''ts''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''s''' bras || {{IPA|/sˠ/}} || {{IPA|/s/}} → {{IPA|/h/}}, {{IPA|/t/}} || {{IPA|/s/}} → {{IPA|/h/}} || {{IPA|/sˠ/}} → {{IPA|/h/}}, {{IPA|/t/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || '''s''' → '''h''', '''t''' || '''s''' → '''sh''' || '''s''' → '''sh''', '''ts''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''ll''' || {{IPA|/ɬ//}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/ɬ//}} → {{IPA|/l/}}, {{IPA|/ɬ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''ll''' → '''l''', '''ll''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''r''' meindwf || {{IPA|/rˠ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/rˠ/}} → {{IPA|/ɾʲ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''r''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''r''' bras || {{IPA|/rˠ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;" | || {{IPA|/rˠ/}} → {{IPA|/ɾ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''r''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''rh''' ||{{IPA|/r̥/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/r̥/}} → {{IPA|/r/}}, {{IPA|/r̥/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''rh''' → '''r''', '''rh''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''l''' meindwf || {{IPA|/lʲ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/ʎ/}} → {{IPA|/l/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''l''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''l''' bras || {{IPA|/lˠ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;" | || {{IPA|/l̪ˠ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''l''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''n''' meindwf || {{IPA|/nʲ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || {{IPA|/ɲ/}} → {{IPA|/ɲ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''n''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''n''' bras || {{IPA|/nˠ/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;" | || {{IPA|/n̪ˠ/}} → {{IPA|/n/}} || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|-
| ''Llythyraeth'' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || '''n''' || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"| || style="background-color:#D3D3D3;"|
|}


===Treigliad trwynol===
===Treigliad trwynol===

Fersiwn yn ôl 21:08, 21 Gorffennaf 2009

Newid mewn cytsain ar ddechrau gair yn ôl ei safle neu swyddogaeth yw treiglad. Mae treigladau'n nodweddiadol o'r ieithoedd Celtaidd, ond mae treigladau'n digwydd mewn sawl iaith arall fel Fula (iaith yng ngorllewin Affrica) a Nivkh (iaith o Siberia).

Treigliadau yn Gymraeg

Mae gan y Gymraeg dri phrif dreiglad, y treiglad meddal, y treiglad trwynol a'r treiglad llaes. Yn Gymraeg mae treigliadau'n achosi i frawddegau llifo’n rhwydd ac yn fwy esmwyth i’r glust.

Treigliad meddal

Ceir treiglad meddal mewn enwau ac ansoddeiriau.

Dyma’r llythrennau sy’n treiglo’n feddal:

  • B → F
  • C → G
  • D → Dd
  • G yn cael ei ddisgyn
  • Ll → L
  • M → F
  • P → B
  • Rh → R
  • T → D

Treigladau meddal yn yr ieithoedd Celtaidd

Mae'r taflen yma yn dangos gweithrediadau treigladau meddal yn yr ieithoedd Celtaidd. O achos bod llythyraeth unigol gan bob iaith, rhowyd cyd-enwau arnon am ei trefnu nhw. Mae hyn yn i'gwneud hi'n hawddach cymharu yr ieithoedd. Ar enghraifft, mae çh Manaweg cyfwerth â t meindwf yn yr ieithoedd Gaeleg eraill.

Mae cell lwyd arddangos nad oes treiglad meddal effeithio'r llythyren hon yn yr ieith hon.

Treigladau meddal yn yr ieithoedd Celtaidd
  Cytseinol wreiddiol Cytseiniol wedi'i treiglo
Enw Swn (GSR) Manaweg Gaeleg yr Alban Gwyddeleg Cymraeg Cernyweg Llydaweg
p meindwf /pʲ/ /pʲ/ → /fʲ/
Llythyraeth p → ph
p bras /pˠ/ /pˠ/ → /fˠ/
Llythyraeth p → ph
p /p/ /p/ → /f/ /pʰ/ → /f/ /p/ → /b/ /p/ → /b/ /p/ → /b/
Llythyraeth p → ph p → ph p → b p → b p → b
t meindwf /tʲ/ /ʧ/ → /h/, /ʧ/ /tʲʰ/ → /h/, /hj/ /tʲ/ → /h/
Llythyraeth çh → h, çh t → th t → th
t bras /tˠ/ /tˠ/ → /h/, /t/ /t̪ʰ/ → /h/ /tˠ/ → /h/
Llythyraeth t, th → h, t, th t → th t → h
t /t/ /t/ → /d/ /t/ → /d/ /t/ → /d/
Llythyraeth t → d t → d t → d
ch
çh		 /ʧ/ edrychwch ar
t meindwf		 /ʧ/ → /ʤ/
Llythyraeth ch → j
c meindwf
k meindwf		 /c/ /c/ → /ç/ /cʰ/ → /çʰ/ /c/ → /ç/
Llythyraeth c, k → ch c → ch c → ch
c bras
k bras		 /k/ /k/ → /x/ /kʰ/, /xk/ → /x/ /k/ → /x/
Llythyraeth c, k → ch c → ch c → ch
c /k/ /k/ → /g/ /k/ → /g/ /k/ → /g/
Llythyraeth c → g k → g k → g
b meindwf /bʲ/ /b/ → /v/ /pj/, /jp/ → /vj/ /bʲ/ → /vʲ/
Llythyraeth b → v b → bh b → bh
b bras /bˠ/ /bw/, /b/ → /w/ /p/ → /v/ /bˠ/ → /w/
Llythyraeth bw, b → w b → bh b → bh
b /b/ /b/ → /v/ /b/ → /v/ /b/ → /v/
Llythyraeth b → f b → v b → v
d meindwf /dʲ/ /ʤ/ → /j/, /ʤ/ /tʲ/ → /j/ /dʲ/ → /ʝ/
Llythyraeth j → y, j d → dh d → dh
d bras /dˠ/ /dˠ/ → /ɣ/, /d/ /t̪/ → /ɣ/ /d̪ˠ/ → /ɣ/
Llythyraeth d → gh, d d → dh d → dh
d /d/ /d/ → /ð/ /d/ → /ð/ /d/ → /z/
Llythyraeth d → dd d → dh d → z
j /ʤ/ edrychwch ar
d meindwf
Llythyraeth
g meindwf /gʲ/ /gʲ/ → /y/ /kʲ/ → /ʝ/ /ɟ/ → /j/
Llythyraeth gi → yi, ghi g → gh g → gh
g bras /gˠ/ /gˠ/ → /ɣ/ /kˠ/ → /ɣ/ /gˠ/ → /ɣ/
Llythyraeth g → gh g → gh g → gh
g crwn /g/ /g/ → /w/
Llythyraeth g → w
g anghrwn /g/ /g/ → veg
Llythyraeth g → veg
g /g/ /g/ → veg /g/ → /x/
Llythyraeth g → veg g → c'h
gw /gw/ /gw/ → /w/ /gw/ → /w/ /gʷ/ → /w/
Llythyraeth gw → w gw → w gw → w
m meindwf /mʲ/ /m/ → /v/ /mj/ → /vj/ /bʲ/ → /vʲ/
Llythyraeth m → v m → mh m → mh
m bras /mˠ/ /mw/, /m/ → /w/ /m/ → /v/ /mˠ/ → /w/
Llythyraeth mw, m → w m → mh m → mh
m /m/ /m/ → /v/ /m/ → /v/ /m/ → /v/
Llythyraeth m → f m → v m → v
f meindwf /fʲ/ /f/ → veg, /f/ /f/, /fj/ → veg /fʲ/ → veg
Llythyraeth f → veg, f f → fh f → fh
f bras /fˠ/ /fw/ → /w/, /fw/ /f/ → veg /fˠ/ → veg
Llythyraeth fw → w, fw f → fh f → fh
s meindwf /sʲ/ /ʃ/ → /h/, /ʧ/, /ʃ/ /ʃ/ → /h/, /hj/ /ʃ/ → /h/, /t/
Llythyraeth sh → h, çh, sh s → sh s → sh, ts
s bras /sˠ/ /s/ → /h/, /t/ /s/ → /h/ /sˠ/ → /h/, /t/
Llythyraeth s → h, t s → sh s → sh, ts
ll /ɬ// /ɬ// → /l/, /ɬ/
Llythyraeth ll → l, ll
r meindwf /rˠ/ /rˠ/ → /ɾʲ/
Llythyraeth r
r bras /rˠ/ /rˠ/ → /ɾ/
Llythyraeth r
rh /r̥/ /r̥/ → /r/, /r̥/
Llythyraeth rh → r, rh
l meindwf /lʲ/ /ʎ/ → /l/
Llythyraeth l
l bras /lˠ/ /l̪ˠ/
Llythyraeth l
n meindwf /nʲ/ /ɲ/ → /ɲ/
Llythyraeth n
n bras /nˠ/ /n̪ˠ/ → /n/
Llythyraeth n

Treigliad trwynol

Ceir treigial trywnol ar ôl rhagenw, megis fy, neu adroddiad, megis yn.

Dyma’r llythrennau sy’n treiglo’n drwynol:

  • B → M
  • C → Ngh
  • D → N
  • G → Ng
  • P → Mh
  • T → Nh

Treigliad llaes

Ceir treigial llaes ar ôl rhagenw benywaidd, megis ei, neu cysyllteiriau, megis a.

Dyma’r llythrennau sy’n treiglo’n llaes:

  • C → Ch
  • P → Ph
  • T → Th

Gyda'r treiglad llaes, rhoddwyd "h" cyn lafariaid hefyd.

Eginyn erthygl sydd uchod am iaith. Gallwch helpu Wicipedia drwy ychwanegu ato.
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