Wicipedia:Cymorth iaith

Cymorth iaith

Croeso i dudalen cymorth iaith Wicipedia. Os oes gennych unrhyw gwestiwn ynglŷn â'r iaith Gymraeg -- treiglo, sillafu, gramadeg neu rywbeth arall -- gofynnwch yma. Am gwestiynau cyffredinol neu dechnegol, ewch i'r Caffi os gwelwch yn dda. Ceir nodiadau ar ysgrifennu Cymraeg cywir ar y dudalen canllawiau iaith - efallai y byddant yn trin yr union bwnc sydd yn ateb eich gofyn.

I ychwanegu cwestiwn, cliciwch yma i ddechrau pennawd newydd, a theipiwch eich neges. Cofiwch lofnodi'r neges drwy ychwanegu pedair tilde (~~~~) ar y diwedd, os gwelwch yn dda.

Gwelwch gornel y dysgwyr hefyd.

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→ Archifau Cymorth Iaith

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Brenhinoedd y Deyrnas Unedig

Yn y rhestr brenhinoedd y Deyrnas Unedig mae teitlau'r brenhinoedd i gyd wedi eu hysgrifennu yn ôl y patrwm 'Gwilym I o Loegr', er bod Gwilym er enghraifft yn hannu o Normandi ac nid o Loegr! Oni ddylem ysgrifennu 'Gwilym I, brenin Lloegr'? Dyma'r patrwm geir yn 'Hanes Cymru'. Lloffiwr 20:35, 17 Hydref 2006 (UTC)

Cytunaf. Mae nifer o ddysgwyr yn defnyddio "o" i olygu "of", er ei fod gan amlaf yn golygu "from". --Adam (Sgwrs) 20:45, 17 Hydref 2006 (UTC)

Onid 'Harri VIII, Brenin Lloegr' (ag ati) gyda llythyren fawr ar 'Brenin' ddylai hi fod, gan fod 'Brenin Lloegr' yn deitl (fel, dyweder, 'Arlywydd yr Unol Daleithiau'). Daffy 22:50, 22 Hydref 2006 (UTC) - wedi copïo o dudalen sgwrs Daffy.

Cwestiwn da. Nid oedd unrhyw un o'r gramadegau sydd gennyf yn trafod hwn yn uniongyrchol. Rwyf wedi dilyn patrwm John Davies yn Hanes Cymru (e.e. yn y mynegai - 'Edward I, brenin Lloegr'). Yn ôl Y Golygiadur a Gramadeg y Gymraeg byddai dyn yn rhoi priflythyren os yn sôn am 'y Brenin Edward I' (ac fe fyddai'r Y mewn priflythyren pe na bai ar ganol brawddeg). Rwyn cymryd mai rhesymeg John Davies yw mai egluro rhagor amdano mae ychwanegu ', brenin Lloegr' yn hytrach na'i fod yn ran o'r teitl. Fe fyddai dweud rhywbeth fel 'Y Brenin Edward I, brenin Lloegr' siwr o fod yn gywir ond braidd yn hirwyntog! Lloffiwr 21:38, 27 Hydref 2006 (UTC)

Helo. It's not wrong to adopt a new convention, but it's worth thinking about consistency as well. For example, we have the French kings and some other nationalities that are also named "xxx o Ffrainc" or whatever. Once again, sorry about using English, but my Welsh is not good enough to express any complex ideas. Here is an extract from the relevant convention on the English wikipedia, on which our convention was loosely based:

Monarchical titles

1. Pre-emptively disambiguate the names of monarchs, of modern countries in the format "{Monarch's first name and ordinal} of {Country}". Examples: Edward I of England; Alfonso XII of Spain; Henry I of France.
   • This is an exception to the general rule of most common English name. Nevertheless, Monarch's first name and Country should both be the most common form used in current English works of general reference. This convention is not applied to Roman or Byzantine Emperors, or to the older monarchies of antiquity.
2. Where there has only been one holder of a specific monarchical name in a state, the ordinal is used only when the ordinal was in official use. For example, Victoria of the United Kingdom, not Victoria I of the United Kingdom; Juan Carlos I of Spain, not Juan Carlos of Spain. The use of ordinals where there has been more than a single holder of a specific monarchical name is correct and appropriate. For example, William I of England, not William of England, as William II of England and William III of England hold the same monarchical name.
3. Take care to use the correct name of the state at the time when a monarch reigned. So it is
   1. with the British: monarchs of England only up to 1707 (e.g., Henry VIII of England), Great Britain from 1707-1800 (e.g., Anne of Great Britain), the United Kingdom since 1801 (e.g., Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom). "England", "Great Britain" and "United Kingdom" describe different historical states covering different geographic areas, and so they do need to be clarified.
   2. with German monarchs: Holy Roman Empire until 1806 (e.g., Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor), Germany from 1871 (e.g., William I, German Emperor), Austria after then, etc. Germany is especially complex; when in doubt, refer to List of German Kings and Emperors.
   3. But if an obscure official name of a state exists alongside a clearly understood one, it is fine to use the more widely known version. For example, Kings of Greece rather than the technically correct Kings of the Hellenes.
4. Where a monarch has reigned over a number of states, use the most commonly associated ones. For example, Charles II of England, not Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland; William I, German Emperor, not William I of Prussia, although there should be redirects from these locations. When several states are so associated, it is proper and often desirable to give the others compensating prominence in the intro when one gets the name of the article.
5. European monarchs whose rank was below that of King (e.g., Grand Dukes, Electors, Dukes, Princes), should be at the location "{Monarch's first name and ordinal}, {Title} of {Country}". Examples: Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria, Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg.

The above rules are not perfect - and indeed, users on wikipedia are currently talking about changing them - but they have worked well for about three years now, and they do ensure consistency. I would like more people to contribute to this debate before we change our naming conventions. Deb 15:51, 28 Hydref 2006 (UTC)

Gyda llaw, dwi o blaid newid i arddull Gwilym II, Brenin Lloegr ac ati (am y rhesymau sydd wedi cael eu trafod yn barod). Jyst y cwestiwn o lythyren fawr neu bach oedd yn fy nrysu. Does dim rheswm dros dilyn y Wicipedia Saesneg. Er bod llawer o'r Wicipedias eraill yn defnyddio'r un patrwm â'r un Saesneg, mae rhai yn defnyddio ffurfiau sy'n cytateb yn well i'w ieithoedd nhw:

• Almaeneg: Wilhelm II. (England)
• Rwsieg: Вильгельм II (король Англии) = Gwilyn II (brenin Lloegr)
• Croateg: Henrik VIII., kralj Engleske

Daffy 22:10, 28 Hydref 2006 (UTC)

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Dyma gynnig ar drafftio arfer enwi erthyglau ar gyfer:

Teitlau erthyglau ar deyrnoedd ac aelodau teuluoedd brenhinol

1. Argymhellir y ffurf: {Enw cyntaf y teyrn} {Rhif trefnol os oes rhagor nag un o'r un enw}, {disgrifiad o'i safle gyda phriflythyren} {ei brif diriogaeth}. Enghreifftiau: Edward I, Brenin Lloegr; Boris I, Tsar Bwlgaria; Jean, Archddug Lwcsembwrg.
2. Gellir hepgor y teitl ac enw'r wlad wrth ddisgrifio teyrnoedd yr henfyd, gan roi'r enw a arferir amlaf heddiw amdano, e.e. Nero; Genghis Khan.
3. Pan fydd y drafodaeth ar Gymreigio enwau wedi ei gwblhau gellir trafod sillafiad yr enw fan hyn.
4. Defnyddir yr enw ar brif diriogaeth y teyrn pan y teyrnasai. Hynny yw, Gwilym I, brenin Lloegr ond Victoria, brenhines y Deyrnas Unedig; Henry V, Ymerawdwr Rhufeinig Sanctaidd – hyd at 1806; William I, Ymerawdwr yr Almaen – wedi 1806; Ferdinand I, Ymerawdwr Awstria – wedi 1804. Ar gyfer y cyfnod rhwng 1603 a 1707 ym Mhrydain rhoddir defnyddir y patrwm Iago I, brenin Loegr. Gellir enwi holl diriogaeth y teyrn yn yr erthygl amdano.
5. Ar gyfer tywysogion Cymru defnyddir naill ai:
   1. yr enw mwyaf adnabyddus, e.e. Hywel Dda, Owain Gwynedd, neu
   2. yr enw ffurfiol, e.e. Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Rhys ap Gruffudd.

Nodiadau:

1. Mae'r pwynt am ba ffurf a sillafiad i'w ddefnyddio ar enw yn cael ei drafod ar hyn o bryd yn yr adran ar Wicipedia:Y Caffi#Cymreigio Enwau Priod – gorau i gyd po fwyaf o drafod sydd ar hwn.
2. Ceir nodiadau ar y gramadeg perthnasol yn Wicipedia:Canllawiau iaith#O a materion cysylltiedig. Croeso i'r rhai mwy gwybodus na mi wella ar y nodiadau hyn neu eu cywiro efallai!
3. Mae cynnig wedi dod i roi prif lythyren i deitl y teyrn, Tsar, Brenin, ayb er mwyn trin y darn wedi'r comma fel estyniad o'r teitl yn hytrach na disgrifiad pellach o'r person (a fyddai'n galw am lythyren fach). Mae'r drafft uchod yn cynnwys priflythrennau.
4. Ar gyfer y cyfnod 1603 hyd at 1707 mae'r drafft uchod yn cynnig bod y teitl yn enwi un tiriogaeth yn unig. Y dewis arall byddai defnyddio'r patrwm James I/VI, brenin Lloegr a'r Alban. James I, brenin Lloegr yw'r cofnod ym mynegai John Davies i Hanes Cymru.
5. Mae Deb yn cynnig i ni ddechrau tudalen sy'n casglu'r confensiynau y byddwn yn cytuno arnynt at ei gilydd, yn yr un modd ag mae'r dudalen en:Wikipedia:Naming Conventions yn gwneud ar Wikipedia Saesneg. Gellid galw'r dudalen yn rhywbeth fel 'Wicipedia:Arferion enwi erthyglau'. Y syniad (os ydw i wedi deall yn iawn) yw bod y confensiynau sydd yn cael eu derbyn gan y gymuned a'u rhoi ar y dudalen arferion enwi erthyglau yn cario mwy o rym nag argymhellion – h.y. bod rhaid dilyn yr arfer a gytunwyd arno. Byddai rhai o'r paragraffau sydd ar hyn o bryd ar y dudalen Wicipedia:Arddull yn cael eu symud i'r dudalen arferion enwi erthyglau. Byddai'n gyfle i ehangu ar argymhellion megis defnydd y fannod ac enwau gwledydd wrth enwi erthyglau, neu eu hail-ystyried.

(Don't have the energy to translate this contribution at present – will do sometime unless somebody else manages it first) Lloffiwr 15:25, 3 Rhagfyr 2006 (UTC)

Wedi rhoi'r canllaw ar Wicipedia:Arddull am nawr, heb unrhywbeth am bwynt 3 uchod gan nad yw'r drafodaeth ar ffurf enwau personol o dramor ond megis ddechrau. Wedi cymryd bod diffyg sylwadau ar y drafft yn golygu nad oes gwrthwynebiad iddo. Wedi rhoi hwn ar arddull yn hytrach na dechrau tudalen newydd ar arferion enwi erthyglau am nawr - yn teimlo bod angen rhagor o drafod ar y pwynt hwn. (Have put the above guidance on Wicipedia:Arddull for now, without anything for point 3 above since the discussion on the forms of foreign personal names has not been concluded. Have taken lack of comment on the draft to mean there are no objections. Have put this on arddull instead of starting a new page on naming conventions for now since I feel this suggestion needs further discussion.) Lloffiwr 22:50, 24 Mawrth 2007 (UTC)

"Independence from"

Pa term dylai cael ei ddefnyddio yn yr Wybodlen Gwlad ar gyfer "from", yn yr ystyr "independence from"? Mae'r rhan fwyaf yn dweud naill ai "Annibyniaeth oddiwrth" neu "Annibyniaeth o". --Adam (Sgwrs) 18:13, 26 Hydref 2006 (UTC)

Mae'n rhaid dweud bod talfyrru brawddegau'n gymalau pwt yn aml yn taro'r glust yn chwithig yn Gymraeg! Ond rhaid cael ymadroddion pwt ar gyfer yr infoboxes felly dyma dwi wedi dod o hyd iddo hyd yn hyn yn y geiriaduron. Yng Ngeiriadur yr Academi ceir 'annibyniaeth ar rywun' am 'independence from someone'. Byddwn i fy hunan yn dweud e.e. bod rhywun yn 'byw yn annibynnol ar ei rieni'. Ond nid wyf wedi dod o hyd i enghraifft o 'independence from something' yn hytrach na someone. Any advances? Lloffiwr 20:29, 27 Hydref 2006 (UTC)

A bwrw nad ydy'r wybodlen gwlad wedi ei gwblhau eto cynigiaf posibilrwydd arall i'w hystyried ar gyfer 'independence from', sef 'Cyn-bŵer llywodraethol'. Byddai'n ffordd arall o gyfleu yr un syniad. Lloffiwr 15:41, 3 Rhagfyr 2006 (UTC)

expand/collapse

Rwyf wrthi'n cyfieithu'r negeseuon yn y rhyngwyneb ynglŷn â'r goeden gategori ar hyn o bryd. Mae sawl ffordd o gyfieithu 'expand' a 'collapse' ac rwyf am gynnig y posibiliadau i weld a oes barn un ffordd neu'r llall ymlith y defnyddwyr.

O edrych ar wefan Kywiro cefais afael ar y cyfieithiadau canlynol o 'expand' mewn meddalwedd:

ehangu, chwyddo, estyn y goeden, ymledu.

Ehangu oedd y cyfieithiad mwyaf cyffredin.

O edrych ar Kywiro cefais afael ar y cyfieithiadau canlynol o 'collapse' mewn meddalwedd:

cyfyngu, dad-ehangu, dat-ehangu

At y rhain rwyf am ychwanegu crebachu a datchwyddo.

Lloffiwr 20:51, 12 Tachwedd 2006 (UTC)

Wedi dewis ehangu a chrebachu. Lloffiwr 11:13, 31 Rhagfyr 2006 (UTC)

Rwseg

Ar hyn o bryd 'Rwsieg' yw'r teitl ar yr erthygl ar Rwseg. Dwi ddim yn hoff o'r sillafiad 'Rwsieg' o gwbl, er bod rhai yn ei ddefnyddio. Gan mai Rwseg yw'r unig gynnig ar Russian language yng Ngeiriadur yr Academi, a bod defnydd helaeth o'r sillafiad Rwseg ar y we, rwyn cynnig ein bod yn newid y teitl Rwsieg i Rwseg. Diben hwn yw holi a oes gan rywun wrthwynebiad cryf i'r cynnig. Lloffiwr 17:30, 3 Rhagfyr 2006 (UTC)

Dim gwrthwynebiad! Jac y jwc 21:32, 20 Chwefror 2008 (UTC)

Wedi danto gyda hwn! - gormod o bethau eraill i'w gwneud. Rwyn cynnig y jobyn 'ma i chi Jac y jwc neu unrhywun arall sydd ag awydd i fynd ati i symud yr erthygl a newid y cysylltiadau wici, ayb. Lloffiwr 14:37, 11 Mawrth 2008 (UTC)

Diolch am y cynnig hael Lloffiwr :-) Na, dw i'n gwybod yn iawn sut beth yw cael rhyw un peth bach yn nigglo o hyd ac ishe iddo fe newid, a chi Lloffiwr wedi fy helpu i i newid rhai o'r rheini yn y gorffennol felly dyma ad-dalu'r ffafr! Dw i'n credu mod i wedi llwyddo i newid y categorïau ac ati, ond mae'n siŵr bod digon o enghreifftiau o "Rwsieg" yn ymddangos mewn erthyglau unigol. Does dim ots am hynny nagoes, bydd clicio ar Rwsieg yn ailgyfeirio pobl i Rwseg beth bynnag... Jac y jwc 16:38, 24 Mawrth 2008 (UTC)

Diolch Jac y jwc - galwa fi'n ti os wyt ti am. Lloffiwr 21:54, 24 Mawrth 2008 (UTC)

Croeso - a tithe'r un modd! Jac y jwc 18:12, 25 Mawrth 2008 (UTC)

Ffestiniog Railway route map

I'm trying to translate the text on the Image:Ffestiniog Railway map (en).svg route map of the Ffestiniog Railway. I've been able to find/work out most things, but I've got a couple of questions -

• [1] What is the Welsh for a railway halt (i.e. a small station)? Its important to distinguish the halts from larger stations (Gorsaf), but every reference I've found gives a different word as a translation and none appear to agree with each other as to which sense each word is.
• [2] "Under construction" (ie. "[This section of railway is] under construction") literally translates to "Dan adeiladaeth", is this the correct expression in Welsh?
• [3] Do either of the organisations Network Rail or National Rail have Welsh language versions of their name? It doesn't appear so from their websites and the BBC News Welsh language pages appear to use the English names in their stories.

Thanks, Thryduulf 00:49, 5 Rhagfyr 2006 (UTC)

• • [1] Arhosfa (lit. stopping-place) is the word generally used in a railway context.
  • [2] "Dan adeiladaeth" is frequently used: strictly, it should be "O dan adeiladaeth" IMHO
  • [3] Not as far as I know. -- Jac-y-do 18:30, 21 Ionawr 2007 (UTC)

Geiriadur yr Academi has 'yn cael ei adeiladu' for 'under construction'. Lloffiwr 00:23, 22 Ionawr 2007 (UTC)

Diolch yn fawr i chi, Lloffiwr. That sounds much more like it! (I shudder at the literal translations from English so often seen on signs, etc., but am nowhere near fluent enough to correct most of them. Wish I could afford Geiriadur yr Academi..!) -- Jac-y-do 10:24, 22 Ionawr 2007 (UTC)

Parth Cyhoeddus

Rwy'n creu cyfiethiad i'r neges Parth Cyhoeddus ar Gomin Wikimedia. Nad wyf yn siwr sut i gyfiethu'r brawddeg "This Applies Worldwide".

Dyma'r cyfiethiad mor belled:

I, the author of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. This applies worldwide.

In case this is not legally possible: I grant anyone the right to use this work for any purpose, without any conditions, unless such conditions are required by law.

Rydw I, awdur yr gwaith yma, yn rhyddau hi i mewn i'r parth cyhoeddus.

Os na fydd hyn yn bosib of safbwynt cyfreithiol: Rydw I yn caniatau unrhyw un yr hawl i defnyddio yr gwaith yma am unrhyw bwrpas, heb unrhyw amodau, heblaw bod eisau unrhyw amodau gan y gyfraith.

Beth byddai "This Applies Worldwide" yng gymraeg? Hefyd byddai'n diolchgar cael unrhyw adborth ar yr cyfiethiad gan gynnwys unrhyw gywiriadau sydd eisiau. Diolch, Scarletman 18:28, 7 Rhagfyr 2006 (UTC)

Dyma gynnig ar gyfieithiad o'r Saesneg uchod a'r nodyn sy'n ymddangos ar waelod y cyfieithiad mewn ieithoedd eraill (e.e. Almaeneg, Ffrangeg):

Rydw i, awdur y gwaith hwn, yn ei ryddhau i'r parth cyhoeddus, a hynny'n fyd-eang.

Pe na bai'r blaenorol yn oddefiad dilys yn ôl y gyfraith, yna fe ddatgenir hyn: Rhoddaf yr hawl i unrhywun i ddefnyddio'r gwaith hwn at unrhyw bwrpas, heb unrhyw amodau, heblaw am unrhyw amod sydd yn rhaid ei gael yn ôl y gyfraith.

Dalier sylw: Peidiwch â defnyddio'r nodyn hwn yn uniongyrchol, os gwelwch yn dda. Swyddogaeth cyfieithiad yn unig sydd iddo. Yn hytrach defnyddiwch {{PD-self}}, sy'n cynnwys cyswllt at y cyfieithiad hwn.

Gyda llaw, mae'r cyfieithiad Almaeneg yn rhydd iawn.

Lloffiwr 16:46, 9 Rhagfyr 2006 (UTC)

Diolch! 137.44.1.200 14:41, 10 Rhagfyr 2006 (UTC)

"2007 Iranian seizure of Royal Navy personnel"

Dwi wedi cyfieithu crynodeb yr erthygl 2007 Iranian seizure of Royal Navy personnel ar y Wikipedia Saesneg. Ydy rhywun yn gallu meddwl am deitl Cymraeg, os gwelwch yn dda? --Adam (Sgwrs) 12:03, 31 Mawrth 2007 (UTC)

Beth am 'Cipio aelodau o'r Llynges Frenhinol gan Iran, 2007'? Y gair 'personnel' sy'n creu'r anhawster. Mewn cyd-destun arall buaswn i'n defnyddio 'criw' neu 'dwylo', ond dim yn yr achos yma, mae'n debyg. Anatiomaros 17:03, 31 Mawrth 2007 (UTC)

Diolch yn fawr, byddai'n defnyddio hwnna. --Adam (Sgwrs) 22:06, 31 Mawrth 2007 (UTC)

Translation help required please

(Re-posted from Sgwrs Wicipedia:Llysgenhadaeth, which seems to be unused)

Hi - sorry for using English. I know only the basics of Welsh I'm afraid. I've been trying to translate Gwylliaid Cochion Mawddwy into English, and the results are (temporarily) in en:User:Tivedshambo/Red Bandits of Mawddwy. I think I've got the gist of most of it, but I know there are some mistakes. Could someone please have a look at it and suggest or make coorections before I move it to main space in the English Wikipedia. Many thanks. Tivedshambo 00:17, 7 Mai 2007 (UTC)

Rhion wedi ymateb i hwn. Lloffiwr 21:40, 23 Mai 2007 (UTC)

Dosbarthiad genetig?

Yn y gwybodlen iaith mae 'language family' wedi cael ei gyfieithu i 'dosbarthiad genetig'. A allwn ni newid hwn i iaith bob dydd. Beth am achrestr ieithyddol? Lloffiwr 21:48, 23 Mai 2007 (UTC)

Wedi mentro arni gan nad oes neb wedi gwrthwynebu. Lloffiwr 21:50, 24 Mehefin 2007 (UTC)

Former Constituency

Is "Former Constituency" Cyn-Etholaeth yn Gymraeg? Paul-L 14:12, 24 Mai 2007 (UTC)

Beth yw'r context? Lloffiwr 12:44, 25 Mai 2007 (UTC)

For an infobox (Gwybodlen Cyn-Etholaeth Cymru), for constituencies that have been abolished. Paul-L 16:31, 26 Mai 2007 (UTC)

Cyn-Etholaeth Cymru is ambiguous since this could mean the former constituency of Wales! How about Gwybodlen Cyn-Etholaethau yng Nghymru or Gwybodlen Etholaeth Ddiddymedig yng Nghymru? Oes unrhyw gynigion eraill? Lloffiwr 10:38, 27 Mai 2007 (UTC)

Enwau lleoedd tramor

Mae Bwrdd yr Iaith Gymraeg wedi bod yn datblygu canllawiau ar drosi enwau dinasoedd, gwledydd, ieithoedd a phobloedd y tu allan i Gymru. Mae'r canllawiau sydd wedi ymddangos hyd yma i'w gweld ar Enwau Lleoedd ar wefan Bwrdd yr Iaith Gymraeg. Cefais e-bost ganddynt yn gynharach eleni yn sôn eu bod wrthi'n creu rhestr enwau gwledydd y byd i'w defnyddio yn Gymraeg. Efallai pan ddaw'r rhestr hon i'r fei y bydd yn werth ail-ystyried ein polisi ar enwau gwledydd. Lloffiwr 19:16, 2 Mehefin 2007 (UTC)

Mae rhywun wedi mynd ati i newid enwau'r gwledydd i'r rhai yn rhestr Bwrdd yr Iaith Gymraeg - mae angen trafod ar hyn gan ei fod yn newid polisi - mae'r drafodaeth wedi ail-ddechrau ar Sgwrs:Gwledydd y byd. Lloffiwr 20:17, 28 Medi 2007 (UTC)

Cyfieithu'r rhyngwyneb

Mae cyfieithiad y rhyngwyneb ym mhob iaith sydd ar gael ar wikipedia yn cael ei gynnal ar mediawiki.org. O'r fan honno y ceir copi o'r meddalwedd bob tro y bydd wiki newydd yn dechrau. O'r fan honno y mae'r wicïau amliaith fel Wicifryngau yn diweddaru eu meddalwedd ac y gellir diweddaru'r meddalwedd ar gyfer unrhyw wici. Er mwyn hwyluso'r gwaith o ddiweddaru'r cyfieithiadau o'r meddalwedd mae un o'r datblygwyr wedi cynllunio wiki arbennig sef betawiki. Os ydych am gyfrannu at y gwaith o gynnal a chadw'r fersiwn Cymraeg o'r meddalwedd ar mediawiki.org, a thrwy hynny'r rhyngwyneb Cymraeg ar draws yr holl wicïau (yn hytrach na'r rhyngwyneb ar Wicipedia yn unig) yna gallwch daro draw i dudalen drafod y rhyngwyneb Cymraeg ar Betawiki. Lloffiwr 16:33, 8 Gorffennaf 2007 (UTC)

double letters

S'mae pawb, dyna gwestiwn bach arall wrthoch ... ond rhaid imi ofyn yn Saesneg.

If you have a double consonant (by which I mean actual double letters, nn or rr -- not the letters dd, ff, or ll), is it pronounced any differently from the single consonant? e.g. is the consonant any longer than a single one, or does it affect the vowel sounds around it?

Specifically do these pairs exactly rhyme: baner and hanner; pori and torri?

And can you hear any contrast between canu and cannu?

I guess my question also covers ad-dalu and ail-law. Would these be pronounced "adalu" / "ailaw"? Or might you expect a slight pause in the middle anyway, just because they are composite words?

Many thanks.

A 09:20, 7 Medi 2007 (UTC)

Double nn and double rr are used to show that the vowel before them is very short. So, yes canu and cannu are pronounced differently, the 'a' in canu being shortish (or if you come from Llanelli longish) and in cannu being very short. 'a' in hanner is shorter than in baner. 'o' in torri is shorter than in pori. The consonants 'n'/'nn' and 'r'/'rr' are pronounced the same.

You need a hyphen in ad-dalu and ail-law so that the reader doesn't think that their is an 'dd' or 'll' in these words. Ad-dalu is as stated a composite word. You pronounce two letter 'd' straight after each other, with no gap, which you would have if they were separate words. The two letters 'l' straight after each other almost merge, but not quite. The hyphen also indicates the stress pattern in composite words, which sometimes doesn't follow the penultimate syllable carrying the stress rule. Since the stress in ail-law is fairly evenly shared between the two syllables you would need the hyphen anyway, even without the need to not confuse between 2 'l's and an 'll'. Lloffiwr 14:39, 9 Medi 2007 (UTC)

another pronuncation question

While I'm asking questions, here's another.

With the placename Penysarn, I presume that the stress pattern and the pronunciation of the "y" is just as if it was written as separate words (pen y sarn). You wouldn't pronounce it "penysarn" with the "y" as in "ysgol", would you? (Similar example -- Nantyglo.)

If this is correct, are there any other sorts of examples where you need to think about how a word is formed in order to pronounce it, rather than just following the basic pronunciation rules? The issue of long and short vowels comes to mind too. Welsh is often said to be basically phonetic, but my guess is that if you were actually writing text-to-speech software you'd still have to give it a number of special cases.

Thanks,

A 09:50, 7 Medi 2007 (UTC)

The consonants in Welsh follow the one symbol, one sound, rule. However the vowels are not so straightforward. The diacritical marks are used to clarify where there is potential confusion, but are not used on top of every vowel. So mẁg (En- mug) has a diacritic mark to distinguish it from mwg (smoke), 'ẁ' being short and 'w' being long. 'w' in mwg could have been spelt ŵ as in tŵr (tower) (as distinct from twr (heap)) but isn't because its spelling was established before mẁg entered the language. That is, 'mwg' didn't need a circumflex accent because there was no similar word with which you could confuse it. This means that although diacritical marks, where they exist, do convert into a particular pronunciation, vowels without them can be long, middling or short vowels. Also, the more informal the writing the fewer are the diacritical marks used. Also, you could come up with a pronunciation that would be understood by everybody, but would 'belong' to no-one in the sense that there isn't really a received pronunciation as in English.

There is a guide to pronunciation in The Welsh Academy English-Welsh Dictionary, a very short summary of the diacritical marks in Cymraeg ysgrifenedig#Yr_orgraff_gyfoes and two spelling guides in Y Geiriau Lletchwith by D Geraint Lewis and Canllawiau Iaith a Chymorth Sillafu by J Elwyn Hughes.

As far as place names are concerned these, being composite words, do vary quite a bit. You need to consult Rhestr o Enwau Lleoedd - A Gazetteer of Welsh Place-Names, A standard guide to the orthography of Welsh place-names, ed. Elwyn Davies (University of Wales Press, 1975) to see an explanation of the orthography rules. In this book Nantyglo is spelt Nant-y-glo which tells you to give Nant and glo fairly even stress. However, where the name of a large town or city is concerned, like Caerdydd or Pontypridd, where the stress is again shared evenly by the first and last syllables, the hyphens are not put in because the pronunciation is generally known. So, the hyphens are used to reduce ambiguity but not used if there isn't any ambiguity or where it is a place well-known throughout Wales. The Penysarn in the book is spelt Pen-y-sarn and refers to a place in Anglesey, so this should be pronounced as in Nant-y-glo (as you pointed out above). There are a few farms in Ceredigion written Penysarn in some (old) records which are pronounced Pensarn with the stress on the last syllable. There are a few placenames which turn up in different parts of Wales - there is no guarantee that they are pronounced the same in the different localities! Lloffiwr 15:23, 9 Medi 2007 (UTC)

Many thanks to Lloffiwr for the interesting replies to my recent questions - and also to the author of the unsigned reply above. A 12:10, 10 Medi 2007 (UTC)

Peacock

Medrai ddim cofio be ydi "Peackock" yn Gymraeg....fedar rhiwyn ddweud wrthaf?

Annwyl anhysbys: Gweler [1] Lloffiwr 18:00, 8 Rhagfyr 2007 (UTC)

'Qualifying'

Rwy wedi bod yn cyfieithu erthygl Tom Pryce, gyrrwr Fformiwla Un o Gymru, i'r Gymraeg. Rwy wedi mwy neu lai gorffen (mae eisiau rhywun i gywiro'r iaith - nid y gorau yw fy Nghymraeg ysgrifenedig fel y gwelwch) ond rwy'n stuc ar beth i alw'r sessiwn "Qualifying". Mae'r geiriadur wedi rhoi 'cymwys' ond sai'n siwr oes yw hon yn addas? Gallai rhywun helpu? AlexJ 00:56, 7 Ionawr 2008 (UTC)

"Rhagbrofol" maen nhw'n ei ddefnyddio am qualifying ym maes chwaraeon dw i'n meddwl — gemau rhagbrofol ac ati. Felly yn y cyd-destun yma, "sesiwn ragbrofol" Jac y jwc 17:17, 7 Ionawr 2008 (UTC)

Diolch, mae ymchwiliad ar Google ar gyfer "rhagbrofol Fformiwla Un" wedi rhoi cadarnhad gyda'r BBC yn cytuno. AlexJ 19:20, 8 Ionawr 2008 (UTC)

Signalbox

Can anyone suggest a translation for signalbox please. Thanks. – Tivedshambo (talk) 15:07, 17 Ionawr 2008 (UTC)

Can't find a translation refering to the railway kind, but blwch signal is my suggestion. What's the context on Wikipedia? --Ben Bore 15:00, 18 Ionawr 2008 (UTC)

I was trying to translate the caption for this image. I've borrowed a better dictionary than the one I had, which gives caban arwyddion, but thanks anyway. – Tivedshambo (talk) 22:38, 18 Ionawr 2008 (UTC)

Cymorth

what does cymorth stand for?

Cymorth means "help, assistance", so this is a page for "assistance or help (with the language)" (Cymorth iaith). Anatiomaros 21:21, 7 Chwefror 2008 (UTC)

ydydynt

Okay, well this has absolutely nothing to do with Wicipedia, but I thought I'd ask here anyway. Here's an extract from the legend of recent editions of Ordnance Survey Explorer maps of Wales:

"Mae hawliau tramwy yn gallu newid ac mae'n bosibl nad ydydynt wedi'u diffinio'n eglur ar y tir."

Presumably "ydydynt" is a typo for "ydynt"? The only Google hit I could find for it, aside from a copy of the same text, is some mediaeval document. As I'm only a learner, I thought I'd best check here before contacting them. But if it is indeed a typo, then even though it is only a small error, I rather doubt that they would allow a similar error to get into the English version. Thanks, Alan012 17:51, 26 Ebrill 2008 (UTC)

While I'm at it, the legend also has "ffynhonnellwyd". Would I be right in thinking it should be "ffynonellwyd"? Thanks. Alan012 18:16, 26 Ebrill 2008 (UTC)

And "beicwyr a cerbydau". Surely "a cherbydau"? Alan012 18:18, 26 Ebrill 2008 (UTC)

Re. "ydydynt". It's definitely a typo for ydynt, unless they've started using Cymraeg Canol (Middle Welsh)! The form yd(d) ydynt (i.e. 'ydd ydynt') etc. is commonly found in Middle Welsh, it's a particle which gives emphasise, normally before present and imperfect tenses of the verb bod (see D. Simon Evan's excellent Grammar of Middle Welsh - I think that's the English name, I've got the Welsh edition - for more examples). Hope that helps. Shame on the OS and similar bodies - it would never happen in the English text or somebody's head would roll! Anatiomaros 18:20, 26 Ebrill 2008 (UTC)

Many thanks. And any comment on the other two please? Alan012 18:31, 26 Ebrill 2008 (UTC)

Croeso. Not sure what is meant by "ffynhonellwyd", presumably "sourced"? Not a familiar term to me, seems slavishly translated from the English. You are right about "a cherbydau" of course. Anatiomaros 18:38, 26 Ebrill 2008 (UTC)

Yes, see [2], very first paragraph. I was under the impression that the "h" and the double "n" would appear in a stressed syllable only, hence "ffynhonnell" but "ffynonellwyd". But if the word is made up then maybe the point is moot. Alan012 18:46, 26 Ebrill 2008 (UTC)

In that case "ffynonellwyd" is the correct form. Seems a new form of bureaucratspeak. Google gives two examples, in documents by Ofcom and the Assembly Government. "Ffynhonnell/Ffynonellau" is standard for "source(s)" in adademic literature, but I must admit that "ffynonellwyd" is new to me. Makes perfect sense but doesn'r sound very natural somehow (there again, I can think of many English words in Civil Service jargon that fall in the same category - if you can actually work out what they mean!). Anatiomaros 19:13, 26 Ebrill 2008 (UTC)

Many thanks for your help. I'll email them in due course, but will restrict my comments to the actual corrections rather than the bureaucratspeak. I guess it's to be expected that as a learner I can spot certain mistakes but am pretty much oblivious to what sounds natural (especially as I've lived in England all my life!) Alan012 19:27, 26 Ebrill 2008 (UTC)

Ŷd

Ydy ŷd a gwenith yn cyfystron? Marnanel 22:21, 3 Mai 2008 (UTC)