Triasig: Gwahaniaeth rhwng fersiynau

Cynnwys wedi'i ddileu Cynnwys wedi'i ychwanegu

Mewn-lein

Golygiad diweddaraf yn ôl 10:54, 15 Ionawr 2022

Cyfnod Triasig 251–199.6 miliwn o flynyddoedd yn ôl PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Cyfartaledd O₂ yn yr atmosffêr	ca. 16 Cyfaint %^[1] (80 % o lefel a geir heddiw)
Cyfartaledd CO₂ yn yr atmosffêr	ca. 1750 rhan / miliwn^[2] (6 wedi'i luosi gyda'r lefel fodern (cyn-ddiwydiannol))
Cyfartaledd tymheredd yr wyneb	ca. 17 °C^[3] (3 °C uwch na'r lefel heddiw)
Digwyddiadau allweddol o fewn y Triasig gweld • trafod • golygu P s M e s o s ö i g Permaidd T r i a s i g Jwrasig C y n n a r C a n o l H w y r Indwaidd Olenecaidd Anisiaidd Ladiniaidd Carniaidd Noriaidd Rhaetiaidd ← Difodiant mawr bywyd ← Coed^[4] ← Glo^[5] ← Cwrel a sbwng^[6] Llinell amser (amcan) o Ddigwyddiadau o fewn y Triasig. Graddfa'r echelin: Miliynnau o flynyddoedd cyn y presennol.

Cyfnod daearegol (a system stratigraffaidd) yw'r Triasig sy'n para 50.9 miliwn o flynyddoedd: o ddiwedd a Cyfnod Permaidd 251 miliwn o flynyddoedd CP, hyd at cychwyn y Jwrasig, 199.6 miliwn o flynyddoedd Cyn y Presennol (CP).

Dyma gyfnod cyntaf y gorgyfnod Mesosöig a amcangyfrifir ei fod 251-66 miliwn o flynyddoedd CP. Mae cychwyn a diwedd y Triasig yn digwydd ac yn dynodi digwyddiadau mawr sy'n ymwneud â difodiant (extinction).^[7]

Bathwyd y term 'Triasig' yn 1834 gan Friedrich von Alberti, ar ôl y 3 haen o greigiau a geir ledled yr Almaen a gorllewin Ewrop: gwely o graig coch y red bed, calchfaen forol a chyfres o garreg laid a thywodfaen - sef y "Trias".^[8]

Gweler hefyd[golygu | golygu cod]

Yr uwchgyfandiroedd: Gondwana, Lawrasia a Pangaea
Y cyfnodau: Permaidd, Jwrasig a'r Cretasaidd

Cyfeiriadau[golygu | golygu cod]

↑ Image:Sauerstoffgehalt-1000mj.svg
↑ Image:Phanerozoic Carbon Dioxide.png
↑ Image:All palaeotemps.png
↑ McElwain, J. C.; Punyasena, S. W. (2007). "Mass extinction events and the plant fossil record". Trends in Ecology & Evolution 22 (10): 548–557. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2007.09.003. PMID 17919771.
↑ Retallack, G. J.; Veevers, J.; Morante, R. (1996). "Global coal gap between Permian–Triassic extinctions and middle Triassic recovery of peat forming plants". GSA Bulletin 108 (2): 195–207. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1996)108<0195:GCGBPT>2.3.CO;2. http://bulletin.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/108/2/195. Adalwyd 2007-09-29.
↑ Payne, J. L.; Lehrmann, D. J.; Wei, J.; Orchard, M. J.; Schrag, D. P.; Knoll, A. H. (2004). "Large Perturbations of the Carbon Cycle During Recovery from the End-Permian Extinction". Science 305 (5683): 506–9. doi:10.1126/science.1097023. PMID 15273391. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/305/5683/506.
↑ Sahney, S. & Benton, M.J. (2008). "Recovery from the most profound mass extinction of all time" (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Society: Biological 275 (1636): 759–65. doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.1370. PMC 2596898. PMID 18198148. http://journals.royalsociety.org/content/qq5un1810k7605h5/fulltext.pdf.
↑ Friedrich von Alberti, Beitrag zu einer Monographie des bunten Sandsteins, Muschelkalks und Keupers, und die Verbindung dieser Gebilde zu einer Formation [Contribution to a monograph on the colored sandstone, shell limestone and mudstone, and the joining of these structures into one formation] (Stuttgart and Tübingen, (Germany): J. G. Cotta, 1834). Alberti coined the term "Trias" on page 324 :
"… bunter Sandstein, Muschelkalk und Keuper das Resultat einer Periode, ihre Versteinerungen, um mich der Worte E. de Beaumont’s zu bedeinen, die Thermometer einer geologischen Epoche seyen, … also die bis jezt beobachtete Trennung dieser Gebilde in 3 Formationen nicht angemessen, und es mehr dem Begriffe Formation entsprechend sey, sie zu einer Formation, welche ich vorläufig Trias nennen will, zu verbinden."
( … colored sandstone, shell limestone, and mudstone are the result of a period ; their fossils are, to avail myself of the words of E. de Beaumont, the thermometer of a geologic epoch ; … thus the separation of these structures into 3 formations, which has been maintained until now, isn't appropriate, and it is more consistent with the concept of "formation" to join them into one formation, which for now I will name "trias".)

[1] Image:Sauerstoffgehalt-1000mj.svg

[2] Image:Phanerozoic Carbon Dioxide.png

[3] Image:All palaeotemps.png

[McElwain2007-4] McElwain, J. C.; Punyasena, S. W. (2007). "Mass extinction events and the plant fossil record". Trends in Ecology & Evolution 22 (10): 548–557. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2007.09.003. PMID 17919771.

[Retallack1996-5] Retallack, G. J.; Veevers, J.; Morante, R. (1996). "Global coal gap between Permian–Triassic extinctions and middle Triassic recovery of peat forming plants". GSA Bulletin 108 (2): 195–207. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1996)108<0195:GCGBPT>2.3.CO;2. http://bulletin.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/108/2/195. Adalwyd 2007-09-29.

[Payne2004-6] Payne, J. L.; Lehrmann, D. J.; Wei, J.; Orchard, M. J.; Schrag, D. P.; Knoll, A. H. (2004). "Large Perturbations of the Carbon Cycle During Recovery from the End-Permian Extinction". Science 305 (5683): 506–9. doi:10.1126/science.1097023. PMID 15273391. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/305/5683/506.

[SahneyBenton2008RecoveryFromProfoundExtinction-7] Sahney, S. & Benton, M.J. (2008). "Recovery from the most profound mass extinction of all time" (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Society: Biological 275 (1636): 759–65. doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.1370. PMC 2596898. PMID 18198148. http://journals.royalsociety.org/content/qq5un1810k7605h5/fulltext.pdf.

[8] Friedrich von Alberti, Beitrag zu einer Monographie des bunten Sandsteins, Muschelkalks und Keupers, und die Verbindung dieser Gebilde zu einer Formation [Contribution to a monograph on the colored sandstone, shell limestone and mudstone, and the joining of these structures into one formation] (Stuttgart and Tübingen, (Germany): J. G. Cotta, 1834). Alberti coined the term "Trias" on page 324 :
"… bunter Sandstein, Muschelkalk und Keuper das Resultat einer Periode, ihre Versteinerungen, um mich der Worte E. de Beaumont’s zu bedeinen, die Thermometer einer geologischen Epoche seyen, … also die bis jezt beobachtete Trennung dieser Gebilde in 3 Formationen nicht angemessen, und es mehr dem Begriffe Formation entsprechend sey, sie zu einer Formation, welche ich vorläufig Trias nennen will, zu verbinden."
( … colored sandstone, shell limestone, and mudstone are the result of a period ; their fossils are, to avail myself of the words of E. de Beaumont, the thermometer of a geologic epoch ; … thus the separation of these structures into 3 formations, which has been maintained until now, isn't appropriate, and it is more consistent with the concept of "formation" to join them into one formation, which for now I will name "trias".)

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@@ Llinell 9: / Llinell 9: @@
 Dyma gyfnod cyntaf y [[gorgyfnod]] [[Mesosöig]] a amcangyfrifir ei fod 251-66 miliwn o flynyddoedd [[CP]]. Mae cychwyn a diwedd y Triasig yn digwydd ac yn dynodi digwyddiadau mawr sy'n ymwneud â [[difodiant]] (''extinction'').<ref name="SahneyBenton2008RecoveryFromProfoundExtinction">{{ cite journal | url=http://journals.royalsociety.org/content/qq5un1810k7605h5/fulltext.pdf |author1=Sahney, S.  |author2=Benton, M.J.  |lastauthoramp=yes | year=2008 | title=Recovery from the most profound mass extinction of all time | journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society: Biological | doi=10.1098/rspb.2007.1370 | volume = 275 |format=PDF | pmid=18198148 | issue=1636 | pmc=2596898 | pages=759–65}}</ref>
-Bathwyd y term 'Triasig' yn 1834 gan [[Friedrich August von Alberti|Friedrich von Alberti]], ar ôl y 3 haen o greigiau a geir ledled [[yr Almaen]] a gorllewin [[Ewrop]]: gwely o graig coch y ''red bed'', calchfaen forol a chyfres o garreg laid a [[tywodfaen|thywodfaen]] - sef y "Trias".<ref>Friedrich von Alberti, ''Beitrag zu einer Monographie des bunten Sandsteins, Muschelkalks und Keupers, und die Verbindung dieser Gebilde zu einer Formation'' [Contribution to a monograph on the colored sandstone, shell limestone and mudstone, and the joining of these structures into one formation] (Stuttgart and Tübingen, (Germany):  J. G. Cotta, 1834).  Alberti coined the term "Trias" on  [https://books.google.com/books?id=1ClSAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA324#v=onepage&q&f=false page 324] :<br>"… bunter Sandstein, Muschelkalk und Keuper das Resultat einer Periode, ihre Versteinerungen, um mich der Worte E. de Beaumont’s zu bedeinen, die Thermometer einer geologischen Epoche seyen, … also die bis jezt beobachtete Trennung dieser Gebilde in 3 Formationen nicht angemessen, und es mehr dem Begriffe Formation entsprechend sey, sie zu einer Formation, welche ich vorläufig ''Trias'' nennen will, zu verbinden."<br>( … colored sandstone, shell limestone, and mudstone are the result of a period ; their fossils are, to avail myself of the words of E. de Beaumont, the thermometer of a geologic epoch ; … thus the separation of these structures into 3 formations, which has been maintained until now, isn't appropriate, and it is more consistent with the concept of "formation" to join them into one formation, which for now I will name "trias".)</ref>
+Bathwyd y term 'Triasig' yn 1834 gan [[Friedrich Awst von Alberti|Friedrich von Alberti]], ar ôl y 3 haen o greigiau a geir ledled [[yr Almaen]] a gorllewin [[Ewrop]]: gwely o graig coch y ''red bed'', calchfaen forol a chyfres o garreg laid a [[tywodfaen|thywodfaen]] - sef y "Trias".<ref>Friedrich von Alberti, ''Beitrag zu einer Monographie des bunten Sandsteins, Muschelkalks und Keupers, und die Verbindung dieser Gebilde zu einer Formation'' [Contribution to a monograph on the colored sandstone, shell limestone and mudstone, and the joining of these structures into one formation] (Stuttgart and Tübingen, (Germany):  J. G. Cotta, 1834).  Alberti coined the term "Trias" on  [https://books.google.com/books?id=1ClSAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA324#v=onepage&q&f=false page 324] :<br>"… bunter Sandstein, Muschelkalk und Keuper das Resultat einer Periode, ihre Versteinerungen, um mich der Worte E. de Beaumont’s zu bedeinen, die Thermometer einer geologischen Epoche seyen, … also die bis jezt beobachtete Trennung dieser Gebilde in 3 Formationen nicht angemessen, und es mehr dem Begriffe Formation entsprechend sey, sie zu einer Formation, welche ich vorläufig ''Trias'' nennen will, zu verbinden."<br>( … colored sandstone, shell limestone, and mudstone are the result of a period ; their fossils are, to avail myself of the words of E. de Beaumont, the thermometer of a geologic epoch ; … thus the separation of these structures into 3 formations, which has been maintained until now, isn't appropriate, and it is more consistent with the concept of "formation" to join them into one formation, which for now I will name "trias".)</ref>
 ==Gweler hefyd==